Philosophical Background of Empiricism and Rationalism

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the philosophical concepts of empiricism and rationalism as discussed in the lecture.

Empiricism

The theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience.

Rationalism

The epistemological view that reason, rather than experience, is the primary source of knowledge.

Heliocentricism

The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.

Geocentric

An astronomical model where the Earth is at the center of the universe, with other celestial bodies revolving around it.

Teleological

A perspective that interprets phenomena in terms of their end, purpose, or goal.

Substances

Things that have essential and accidental qualities, according to Aristotle's metaphysical theory.

Four Causes

Aristotle's theory stating that there are four aspects of causation: material, formal, efficient, and final causes.

Nominal Essence

The essence of a substance as perceived through its various sensible qualities.

Impressions

Vivid perceptions that are immediate experiences from which ideas can be formed.

Induction

A form of reasoning that involves inferring general principles from specific observations.

Deduction

A logical process by which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.

Esse est percipi

Berkeley's principle meaning 'to be is to be perceived', emphasizing the nature of existence in terms of perception.

Constant Conjunction

Hume's notion that the perception of one event consistently following another leads to the expectation of causality.

Idealism

The metaphysical view that reality is fundamentally mental, immaterial, or spiritually constituted.

Experiential Knowledge

Knowledge gained through observation and experience, according to Hume's philosophy.