f) g) The nature of the genetic code.

Definition of a Gene

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Definition of Alleles

Alleles are different versions of a gene

What is the genetic code?

The sequence of base triplets in DNA which code for specific amino acids.

What is the triplet code?

A series of non overlapping, three-nucleotide words

What does the triplet code do?

The triplet code is a sequence of bases, called a codon. Each codon codes for an amino acid.

What's degenerate code?

Some amino acids have more than one triplet code.

Universal, used across all organisms

Transcription Process

1) The base sequence on DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

2) The sequence for coding for a particular protein (a gene) is exposed by splitting the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. DNA helicase aids this

3) Free RNA nucleotides form a complementary strand (mRNA) by lining up to their complementary base pairs/antisense strand (template). This mRNA molecule is a copy of the DNA sense standing (coding strand) or gene

4) RNA polymerase helps to form the phosphodiester bonds in between the RNA nucleotides. mRNA is now formed.

5) mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore and the DNA helix reforms

Translation Process

1) The mRNA attaches to a ribosome. Ribosome is made of 2 subunits of rRNA (one large, one small)

2) The anticodon on tRNA will find the complementary codon on the mRNA, bringing a specific amino acid with it that corresponds to the codon

3) The amino acids are joined together by peptide bond to give a protein with a specific primary structure