BIO10004 Week 2.3 Tissue Level Flashcards

Flashcards covering the four major tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous, including their components, functions, and classifications.

What are Tissues?

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform specific functions. They combine to form organs.

What is Histology?

The study of tissues.

What are the Four Types of Tissue?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous.

What is Epithelial Tissue?

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways and chambers, and produces glandular secretions.

What is Connective Tissue?

Fills internal spaces, provides structural support, and stores energy.

What is Muscle Tissue?

Contracts to produce movement.

What is Nervous Tissue?

Propagates electrical impulses and carries information.

What are Epithelia?

Layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces.

What are Glands?

Structures that produce fluid secretions.

What are the Functions of Epithelial Tissue?

Provide physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation, and produce specialized secretions.

What affects the Integrity of Epithelia?

Intercellular connections, attachment to the basement membrane, and epithelial maintenance and repair.

What are Cell junctions?

Form bonds with other cells or extracellular material.

What are Gap Junctions?

Allow rapid communication between cells, held together by transmembrane proteins (connexons).

What are Tight Junctions?

Prevent passage of water and solutes between two plasma membranes.

What are Desmosomes?

Link opposing plasma membranes, tie cells together (spot), or attach cells to the basement membrane (hemi).

What is Basal lamina?

Closest to the epithelium- Attachment to the basement membrane

What is Reticular lamina?

Deeper portion of basement membrane. Provides strength.

What is Squamous?

Thin and flat.

What is Cuboidal?

Square shaped.

What is Columnar?

Tall, slender rectangles.

What is Simple epithelium?

Single layer of cells.

What is Stratified epithelium?

Several layers of cells.

What are Endocrine glands?

Release hormones that enter bloodstream; no ducts.

What are Exocrine glands?

Produce exocrine secretions and discharge them through ducts onto epithelial surfaces.

What are the Components of Connective Tissues?

Specialized cells, extracellular protein fibers, and fluid called ground substance.

What are the Functions of Connective Tissues?

Establishing a structural framework, transporting fluids, protecting organs, supporting other tissues, storing energy, and defending the body.

What are the Categories of Connective Tissues?

Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.

What does Connective tissue proper do?

Connect and protect.

What does Fluid connective tissues do?

Transport.

What does Supporting connective tissues do?

Structural strength.

What is Loose connective tissue?

More ground substance, fewer fibers (e.g., adipose tissue).

What is Dense connective tissue?

More fibers, less ground substance (e.g., tendons).

What is Blood?

Formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and plasma.

What is Lymph?

Interstitial fluid entering the lymphatic vessels.

What is Cartilage?

Matrix is a firm gel containing chondroitin sulfate; cells called chondrocytes in lacunae.

What are the three types of cartilage?

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

What is Bone (osseous tissue)?

For weight support; calcified; resists shattering; osteocytes in lacunae.

What is Muscle tissue?

Specialized for contraction.

What are the Three Types of Muscle Tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

What is Skeletal muscle?

Large muscles responsible for body movement.

What is Cardiac muscle?

Found only in the heart.

What is Smooth muscle?

Found in walls of hollow, contracting organs.

What is Skeletal muscle tissue?

Striated voluntary muscle. Consists of long, thin cells called muscle fibers.

What is Cardiac muscle tissue?

Striated involuntary muscle. Cells form branching networks connected at intercalated discs.

What is Smooth muscle tissue?

Nonstriated involuntary muscle. Cells are small and spindle shaped; can divide and regenerate.

What is Nervous Tissue?

Specialized for conducting electrical impulses; concentrated in the brain and spinal cord.

What are the types of nervous tissue

Neurons and neuroglia (supporting cells).