Chapter 1 - US History

Indentured Servants

People who work as servants in order to pay off a debt or for another reason

Cash crops

Any product grown for commercial value (cotton, indigo, etc.)

Join-stock company

Individuals own shares of stock

Constitutional monarchy

Monarch serves as head of state, but the actual political authority is held by an elected body

Social contract

People give up some rights in order for the protection of their remaining rights

Natural rights

Fundamental rights for all human beings

Pilgrims

Separatists from England wanting religious freedom

Puritans

People who wanted to purify the Anglican Church; wanted religious freedoms

New England

Puritans/Pilgrims

Religious freedom

Protestant

Ship/lumber/ag./trade

Middle colonies

Dutch/quakers/swedes

Religious freedom

Diverse

Lumber/ag./trade

Southern colonies

Wealthy englishmen

Profit

Anglican

Cash crops

Mercantilism

An economic theory that you have to export something more than you import it

Navigation Acts

1) Anything exported must pass on English ships

2) Cash crops can only be sold to England

Dominion of New England

1) Dissolved the colonies' governments and banned assemblies

2) Placed an English governor over the colonies

Glorious Revolution

King James II was overthrown by King William and Queen Mary in 1689

English Bill of Rights

1) Monarchs have no real power

2) Parliament conesents to laws - House of Commons in charge fully

3) Right to petition the government

4) No cruel/unusual punishments - Protestants can bear arms

John Locke

Religious freedom; natural rights

Montesquieu

Separation of power

Rousseau

Political power belongs to the people - leaders should be elected

Seven Years/French and Indian War

Wars between France, Britain, and Native Americans for control over territories and resources

Proclamation of 1763

Stop settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains b/c of Natives

-Organize the new land/territories

Tea Act (1773)

Sold tea directly to the English colonies

-Helped East India Company not go into financial ruin

Sugar Act (1764)

Colonists were taxed on things like sugar, coffee, wine, etc.

-Issued to help pay off the war cost

Stamp Act (1765)

Taxed colonies on paper, cards, documents, etc.

-Pay for war costs and British troops in colonies

Quartering Act (1765)

Required colonies to provide housing, food, and supplies for British soldiers

-Make colonial government responsible for financial burden

Townshend Act (1767)

Taxed colonists on glass, lead, paint, tea, paper, etc.

-Raised money for British government and officials, also asserted authority over colonists

Declaratory Act (1766)

Asserted Britain's full power of colonists

-The act replaced the Stamp Act b/c of how much colonists had revolted

Intolerable Acts (1774)

Closed Boston Harbor trade; took away self-government; strengthened quartering act

-Punish colonies for Boston Tea Party; regain control