Lit 2 Test 2

Major Catholic Composers before the counter-reformation

Adrian Willaert, Nicolas Gombart, Jacobus Clemens, Cristobal Morales

Cristobal Morales was known for

Missa Mille regretz (1544) and paraphrase mass

Council of Trent (1545-63)

A meeting of the Catholic Church in which they implemented sweeping reforms to counter the protestant reformation

• kept only 4 of the sequences

• first time we’ve seen musico-poetic form

which 4 sequences remained after the council?

• Victimae paschali laudes

• veni, sancte spiritus

• lauda sion

• dies irae

what was the new ideal music after the council?

a cappella

simple rhythms

diatonic (cautious use of dissonances)

polyphonic is okay, but keep it simple

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-26)

• was a major source of the backlash “Baroque Revolution”

• his most important works were his masses

• pope marcellus mass 

Orlandus Lassus

1532-94

Tomas Luis de Victoria

• only sacred works

• less smooth rhythms

• chromatic harmonies for expression

• O magnum mysterium motet and mass

1st Generation of FF composers

Du Fay

2nd generation of FF

Ockeghem

FF Generation 3.0

Josquin and Issac

FF Generation 4.0

Byrd and Tallis

Before the 3rd Generation of FF Composers, they though of music as

something that carries the words

In the 3rd Generation of FF Composers, they thought that language…

language is music

Harmoniche musices odhecaton

first volume of music from movable type

published in 1501

Ottaviano Petrucci

Pierre Attaignant

invented the single matrix

Because of the standardization of music printing

people start to simplify music

Parisian chanson

homorhythmic

frottola

strophic

scat syllables

Marco del Cara

Madrigal

sophisticated texts, detailed attention to form and imagery of texts

Humanism

• turn on the 15th century

• rejection of the scholasticism on the focus on the afterlife. 

Virtu

the extent to which you leas a creative, life using the gifts God gave you

Paraphrase technique

you can embellish or paraphrase the CF

“New counterpoint”

• autonomy of voices in polyphonic texture

• strong preference for imperfect consonances

• 3-6 parts

• infrequent consonances

Panconsonant style

musical style that emphasizes the frequent use of consonant chords (triads), with limited dissonances

Guillaume Dufay

• 1st gen of FF composers

• Kyire from Missa L’homme arme

• Nuper rosarum flores

Johannes Ockeghem

• considered the founder of Franco-Flemish school

• the idea of a low bass part comes from him

• prolation mass, kyrie

• mensuration canons

mensuration canons

• all voices use the same melody, but move at different rates of speed and with different clefs

Antoine Busnoys

• ockenghem’s burgundian counterpoint

• Je ne puis vivre

Head-motive

opening musical idea that serves to unify different sections of a composition

3rd generation of FF Composers traits

• norm is still 4 male voices, acapella

• pervasive imitation

• more discrete ranges for individual voices

• cantus firmus composition

• fascination with Mass cyckes

Obrecht

• AGNUS DEI

• Quodlibet

Quodlibet

A musical form that combines many different melodies, 

Des Prez

• ave maria… vrigo serena

• millie regretz

• attention to the meaning or sense of the text

Heinrich Issac

• choralis constantinus- a collection of over 375 gregorian chant-based polyphonic motets for the proper

printing

producing multiplle sets of copies of music by mechanical means