Factors Affecting Obedience and Prejudice

Flashcards about factors affecting obedience

What personality trait is associated with harsh parenting and displacing anger onto socially inferior groups?

Authoritarian Personality

According to Allport (1954), what kind of love leads to more confident and empathetic children?

Unconditional Love

What are the three traits that Altemeyer (1988) focused on regarding Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)?

Authoritarian submission, aggression, and conventionalism

What type of learning, according to Altemeyer (1954), results in children believing the world is threatening, leading to RWA?

Social Learning

What is the correlation, according to Cohrs et al (2012), between RWA/SDO and generalized prejudice, openness to experience, and agreeableness?

RWA/SDO is positively correlated with generalized prejudice. RWA is negatively correlated with openness to experience. SDO is negatively correlated with agreeableness.

What is the danger of using correlations to examine RWA and prejudice?

Correlation does not imply causation; there could be other external factors causing prejudice (e.g., education, culture).

What is the main motivation of those with Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), according to Pratto et al (1994)?

To seek out ingroup power, dominance, and superiority

Unlike RWA, what does SDO view the world as?

A competitive jungle where one must fight for limited resources and power

What factors are ignored by scales looking at SDO and RWA, as noted by Louis et al (2003)?

Situational factors and social norms

What traits are SDO positively and negatively correlated with?

Positively correlated with tough-mindedness and negatively correlated with empathy and agreeableness

What is a weakness of focusing on SDO?

Socially sensitive, categorizing and labeling individuals

What theory emphasizes the importance of social norms in influencing prejudice levels?

Social Identity Theory

According to Realistic Conflict Theory, what leads to prejudice and competition between groups?

Limited Resources

What term describes the belief that provision for one group will come at a cost to your own group, increasing prejudice?

Zero-Sum

What type of goals can reduce prejudice by promoting interaction and cooperation between groups?

Superordinate Goals

What is the term for the belief that one's own culture is superior to others?

Ethnocentrism

How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ in their prejudice levels?

Individualist cultures focus on autonomy, whereas collectivist cultures stress the importance of the whole group, which may affect prejudice levels.

What is multi-culturalism?

Accepts the diversity of all cultures in a group, and one group isn't considered more superior than another.

Define Social norms

What is acceptable and desirable to society and the group that you are a part of

Which study demonstrated the influence of social norms from their in-group to feel a sense of belonging?

Tajfel's Study

RWA – maintain?

Maintain social order and tend to be suspicious and hostile towards people who defy the norm

Social Dominance Pratto?

Motivated to seek out ingroup power, dominance, superiority. Hierarchical rather than equally distributed

What was the aim of Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment?

To explore how competition can lead to intergroup conflict

What were the stages of Sherif's Robbers Cave Experiment?

Group Formation, Friction, and Reducing Friction

What was the goal of Burger's 2009 experiment?

To see whether Milgram's findings were era-bound (still applicable today)

In Milgram's baseline study, what percentage of participants continued to the end and administered the full 450V?

65%

Describe Milgram’s prods

1. You must continue 2. The experiment requires that you continue 3. It is absolutely essential that you continue 4. You have no other choice, you must go on

Which Milgram variation resulted in the lowest obedience rate (22.5%)?

Variation #7 (Telephonic Instructions)

What was the obedience rate in the Milgram variation conducted in a rundown office building?

47.5%

Evaluate agency theory as an explanation for obedience

Agentic mindset Allows one to carry out orders from an authority figure - Even if it conflicts with their personal sense of right and wrong Absolve all responsibility

What is a weakness with Agentic Shift

isn’t inevitable - At times, people can behave autonomously or independently

Multiplicative Effect

Social impact is increased if: - Increase strength, immediacy and/or number of sources

Dividional Effect

Social impact is reduced if: - More targets than sources - Impact is divided by the number of targets

Social impact theory and social force principle

when they exert enough pressure to get people to change their behaviour - Known as social impact Strength: refers to the perceived power/authority of the source and the messages they convey

Locus of control ?

Take greater responsibility for their actions - Believe they are in control of what they do and what happens to them

Legitimacy relating to Situations

Reducing the perceived legitimacy of an authority figure ● Altering his or her mode of dress can reduce obedience Reducing the prestige or status of the venue

High PDI cultures?

'subordinates expect to be told what to do and the ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat' ● Hofstede 2017

What are the stages for Social Identity Theory

Social categorisation, comparison and identification

Social comparison ?

An individual may boost his/her self-esteem through making comparisons between the ingroup and outgroup. ● Self-esteem is the value attached to your self-concept

Negative interdependence

Occurs in situations where two groups of people are both seeking to achieve a goal that is important for both of them, yet only one group can reach that goal

what experiment studied negative interdependence

Robbers cave experiment

What occurs during Multi-culturalism

accepts the diversity of all cultures in a group and one group isnt considered more superior than another

According to Baldwin (2017) what extent are cultures ethnocentric

all cultures are ethnocentric to some extent

What kind of prejudice is exerted towards subordintes by their ingroup

a subtle form of prejudice

How is resource stress described?

the problem that occurs when people believe the commodities e.g jobs and money are limited, prejudice arises if ingroup percieves direct competition within a salient group

What is zero-sum?

meaning provision for the other group (immigrants) will come at a cost to the indigenous population

Name 3 ways to reduce prejudice within crowds

encouraging people to adopt their own identities, encouraging people to behave autonomously creating superordinate goals between 2 groups