CH. 3

How long was the age of fathers?

1st century-8th century

When was the First-Nicene Council held?

325 AD

What council was the first and provided a response to the Arian heresy?

The Council of Nicea in 325

How many bishops were at the First council of nicea?

300

Who was St. Justin Martyr?

Apologist who tried to explain to Jews that Jesus fulfilled the OT prophecies about the Messiah, that the Church was the new Israel, and that Christian teaching fulfilled the Torah.

Who is St. Irenaeus of Lyons?

Bishop
•Christian from childhood
•Follower of Polycarp
•Famous work is "Against Heresies"
•Apologist, condemned many heresies such as Gnosticism

•Died of natural causes

What is The Gnosticism Heresy?

A heresy that held knowledge that would earn us salvation. This knowledge could only be known by the favored few.

What is the Arianism heresy?

Denied Christ's full divinity. He was a created being who was better than humans but less that God.

Who is a doctor and father of the church who is best known for his defense against Arianism and Bishop of Alexandria?

St. Athansius

Who was known for his care of the poor and contributions to the development of monasticism in the East?

St. Basil the Great

Whose preaching brought many to the church and brought much to the theology of the Trinity?

St. Gregory of Nazianzus

Who was a Bishop of Milan and opposed Arianism and attempts revive paganism?

St. Ambrose

Who was Archbishop of Constantinople?

St. John Chrysostom

Who was the person who translated the bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin for the people in the Western Roman Empire?

St. Jerome

Who is St. Augustine of Hippo?

Saint who wrote "Confessions" and meditated on life in heaven

Who is credited with convening the Council of Chalcedon?

Pope Saint Leo the Great

Who is Pope Saint Gregory the Great?

-Established papal authority
-Sponsored many missions to evangelize others.
-Created Gregorian chant

Who was St. Benedict of Nursia?

a hermit who founded 12 monasteries, composed a Rule of monks.

What sits atop a hill halfway between Rome and Naples and is a museum today?

Monte Cassino

What are some benefits of monasticsm?

-Offered an example of productive land management
-Respected the liturgy and daily prayer
-Shared refuge for travelers and pilgrims
-Were centers of learning
-Spread Christianity

What is considered one of the most significant even in Church history?

The Roman's Empire's embracing of Christianity during the reign of Constantine

Where did the center of civilization move?

From West to East

What did Pontifex Maximus mean?

"The greatest bridge builder"

What did Constantine see the value in?

The importance of embracing Christianity even though he did not fully convert to until on his deathbed

What did Constantine allow non-Christians to do?

Still worship and keep their own traditions

What symbol did Constantine see in a vision and added to his soldiers uniforms?

Chi-Rho

What is Chi-Rho?

The first two letters of Christ's name in Greek

What were privileges from the Edict of Milan?

-Clergy were exempt from paying taxes
-Christian property that bad been confiscated was returned
-Churches were build

What were consequences of Edict of Milan?

-Gap between rich and poor
-Clerical positions
-Government in Church affairs
-Aristocracy
-People became Christian to keep Roman citizenship

What was the result of consequences of the Edict of Milan?

-Christians started withdrawing into the desert to live life of prayer, fasting, and abstience

What was the effect of the Edict of Milan for Churches?

They were able to be build

What did Constanius favor in the West?

Arianism

Who ruled after Constantine?

Constanius in the West and Constans in the East

What did Constans promote in the East?

Orthodox teaching from the First Council of Nicaea

How many Christians were there in the empire even after the emperors tried to stamp it out?

30-40 million

____ was prospering and the ____ was on the verge of collapse

Christianity; empire

What is the Nicene Creed a product of?

Two Councils

What happened at the Council of Constantinople?

It affirmed the divinity of the Holy Spirit

What happened during the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West?

The empire collapsed and a leadership void was created

How was The Eastern Empire?

It continued to thrive and Emperor Justinian defeated many barbaric tribes

How long did the Eastern Empire Last?

Until 1453

East vs West?

East- Greek
West- Latin
East- Thriving politically and economically
West-destruction and development
East- elaborate and decorative
West- Simpler

What were the Eastern Church's like?

Focused on God's Kingdom and the end of time; wall separated altar from rest of church

What was the Western Churches like?

Christ's sacrifice was emphasized with the altar a focal point during the liturgy.

Where was Church Constantine built on?

The site where Christ's cross was found

Who found Christ's cross?

St. Helena

What are the Old Testament books inherited from?

Judaism

What is the canon of the bible?

-Old Testament
-Gospels
Acts of the Apostles
-Epistles
-Revelation

What was the vulgate?

Latin translation of the Bible

What was the center of Christianity?

Rome

What was the purpose of the Ecumenical Councils?

it served as a place to settle disputes and combat heresies

How many Ecumenical Councils were held throughout Church History?

21

What council refuted heresy of Macedonians and affirmed divinity of the Holy Spirit?

First Council of Constainople

What Council condemned Nestorianism and defended the title of Mother of God for Mary?

Council of Ephesus

What Council brought about the Chalcedonian Creed and expressed Christ has two natures full human and fully divine?

Council of Chalcedon

What council clarified Christology and orthodoxy of the first four councils?

Second Council of Constantinople

What council condemned Monothelitism and said Jesus has two natural wills that are not contrary to one the other?

Third Council of Constainople?

What council reaffirmed authority of the Pope and permitted use of icons in liturgy?

Second Council of Nicaea

What did Emperor Constantine transfer the Roman Empire Capital to?

From Rome to Constainople

What led to schism?

The disagreement regarding papal authority over the patriarchs.

What was the Result of the Break?

Two Churches:
-West or Roman Catholic church
-East or Orthodox Church

What were the 5 Patriarchate Cities of the Roman Empire?

Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem