American history test

Trusts

Combination of companies that dominated the industry

New ways of making food

Putting them in cans (Kraft - cheese, Campbell soup)

New medical treatments

Anestesia, x rays, germ theory

Germ theory

Where diseases come from other people

New inventions

Light bulb, use of electricity and sewing machines

Immigration

Going to live permanently in another country

Where were immigrants mostly from

North and west Europe

How many chinese, Italian, Russian, Hungarian immigrants 

20-25 million immigrants

If your name was too hard to pronounce, what would they do?

Change your name

Push factors

Draft, harsh government

Pull factors

Get jobs, kids get better opportunities

Ellis island

NYC harbor

Angel island

San Francisco bay

Assimilate

To blend in

Bribery

Paying money to someone to do something for you in a bad way

Clerical errors

Money goes missing but actually goes to people in political machines

Tammany hall

Building in New York

Political machines

Party organization designed to win votes.

Measles

Rashes. Children get it most

Cholera

Infectious disease that came from poop water

Tuberculosis

Affects lungs, can’t breathe

Jacob riis

Wrote about problems in the cities and took photos.

Urbanization

Rapid growth of cities

Tenements

Crowded small apartment buildings very unsanitary 

Industrialization

Process where a society or country moves from mainly farming to manufacturing goods and using machines

Yellow dogs

Agreement workers had to sign to say they can’t join a labor union

Problems of coal mines

Bad air and could blow up

Molly maguires

Killed supervisors

Hay market riot

Rally in hay market so one throws a bomb

Collective bargaining

Idea that unions will negotiate with leaders

Strike

No one goes to work

Unions

Worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions

Strikebreaker

Works in the place of another worker on strike

Scab

Already working for the company but won’t go on strike

Knights of labor

First union, created by Terence Powderly. 8 hour days equal pay for men and woman

American federation

Only for skilled workers, Samuel grompers wanted better pay and better working conditions

Problems for workers

1. Low pay

2. Poor conditions

3. 6 days a week

4. Long hours

5. Monotonous

6. Child labor