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Trusts
Combination of companies that dominated the industry
New ways of making food
Putting them in cans (Kraft - cheese, Campbell soup)
New medical treatments
Anestesia, x rays, germ theory
Germ theory
Where diseases come from other people
New inventions
Light bulb, use of electricity and sewing machines
Immigration
Going to live permanently in another country
Where were immigrants mostly from
North and west Europe
How many chinese, Italian, Russian, Hungarian immigrants
20-25 million immigrants
If your name was too hard to pronounce, what would they do?
Change your name
Push factors
Draft, harsh government
Pull factors
Get jobs, kids get better opportunities
Ellis island
NYC harbor
Angel island
San Francisco bay
Assimilate
To blend in
Bribery
Paying money to someone to do something for you in a bad way
Clerical errors
Money goes missing but actually goes to people in political machines
Tammany hall
Building in New York
Political machines
Party organization designed to win votes.
Measles
Rashes. Children get it most
Cholera
Infectious disease that came from poop water
Tuberculosis
Affects lungs, can’t breathe
Jacob riis
Wrote about problems in the cities and took photos.
Urbanization
Rapid growth of cities
Tenements
Crowded small apartment buildings very unsanitary
Industrialization
Process where a society or country moves from mainly farming to manufacturing goods and using machines
Yellow dogs
Agreement workers had to sign to say they can’t join a labor union
Problems of coal mines
Bad air and could blow up
Molly maguires
Killed supervisors
Hay market riot
Rally in hay market so one throws a bomb
Collective bargaining
Idea that unions will negotiate with leaders
Strike
No one goes to work
Unions
Worker association that bargains with employers over wages and working conditions
Strikebreaker
Works in the place of another worker on strike
Scab
Already working for the company but won’t go on strike
Knights of labor
First union, created by Terence Powderly. 8 hour days equal pay for men and woman
American federation
Only for skilled workers, Samuel grompers wanted better pay and better working conditions
Problems for workers
Low pay
Poor conditions
6 days a week
Long hours
Monotonous
Child labor