romans

Familia

a Roman household, including EVERYONE (even slaves)

Gens

A group of related families (clan)

Paterfamilias

The head of the family

• often the eldest male

• held absolute power over the family

Mars and Venus

The two gods related to Romulus and Remus

753 BCE

The year in which Rome was founded

Municipia

(Early Republic)

An Italian town given Roman citizenship

• no right to vote

• self-governing

• right of free trade

• had to supply troops and pay taxes

Province

(Early Republic)

An area outside of Italy controlled by a Roman governor

• no right to vote

• controlled by a Roman governor (propraetor/proconsul)

• had to supply troops

Latin Allies

(Early Republic)

An Italian town without Roman citizenship

• self-governing

• right to free trade

• marriage to Romans

• had to supply troops

Italian Allies

(Early Republic)

Roman protectorates

• self-governing

• had to supply troops

Roman colonies

Colonies in Italy which had full citizenship and were usually used as defensive outposts

Latin colonies

Colonies in Italy; new municipia used to resettle vets and others who wanted a fresh start; could not vote and supplied troops

Status

What is determined by citizenship, birth, and wealth?

Freedmen

Freed slaved considered full citizens

• could own property

• could do business

• could marry a Roman

• no political standing

• their children were considered full citizens

Full citizen

People with full rights

Gracchus

_'s political agenda:

• farm land and colonies for Romans

• power over courts

• regulation of grain supply/prices

• food for the poor

• wanted to give citizenship to all allies up to the Alps

Social war

The war that earned Roman citizenship for (almost) all Italians

Caracalla

The emperor who granted citizenship to all free men living in the empire

Patricians and plebeians

The two main social classes in Rome

The Twelve Tables

The written law of Rome

Collegia

Roman trade unions

Price Edict

An edict which…

• set max prices for goods and services

• made apprenticeships mandatory

• made jobs hereditary

Talent

A weight of coins

Bulla

An object received by a newly named child to ward off evil

Greek

Which ethnic group most influenced Roman education?

Nobile

a patrician or plebeian who held public office for three generations

Equites

The wealthy business class

Licinian-Sextan Laws

A series of reforms which aimed to deal with several issues like debt, land holdings, military command/political office, and allowed there to be 10 priests instead of 2, half of which could be plebeian.

Athens and Rhodes

Wealthy students travel here to study oratory/rhetoric.

Alexandria

This was the place associated with studying math and science.

Pontif

Priest in charge of state religion

Augur

Priest in charge of reading omens (usually birds)

Flamen

Priest assigned to a particular god

College

Priestly group

Vestal Virgins

Girls/women who tended the sacred hearth

Haruspex

Priest who inspected sacrificed animals for signs

Jupiter

King & god of the sky

Bacchus

God of wine

Pluto

God of the underworld

Neptune

God of the sea

Apollo

God of the sun, medicine, and poetry

Mercury

Messenger god

Mars

God of war

Vulcan

God of volcanoes and blacksmithing

Hercules

God/hero of strength

Juno

Queen of the gods

Ceres

Goddess of agriculture

Minerva

Goddess of war and wisdom

Venus

Goddess of love and beauty

Diana

Goddess of the hunt and wild animals