IDFC STUDY PLEASE

philtrum

A groove in the upper lip between the nose and mouth that helps direct food into the mouth.

vibrissae

Sensory whiskers that help detect objects and navigate surroundings.

pinna

The external ear flap that directs sound into the ear canal.

nares

Nostrils that allow air into the nasal passages for breathing and smell.

mammary glands

Produce milk for offspring (female only).

nipples

Where milk is delivered to the offspring.

trunk of the pig

The body region that includes the thorax and abdomen.

thorax

The chest region containing the heart and lungs.

abdomen

The lower body region containing digestive and reproductive organs.

anus

Releases waste from the body.

umbilical cord

Connects the fetus to the placenta to deliver nutrients and oxygen.

tongue

Used for tasting, chewing, and swallowing food.

penis

Male organ that removes urine and releases semen.

scrotum

A pouch that houses the testes and regulates their temperature.

urethral opening

The opening where urine (and semen in males) exits the body.

vaginal opening

External entrance to the female reproductive system.

age of the pig

Determined by its length.

posterior

The rear or back end of the pig.

anterior

The front end of the pig.

ventral

The underside or belly.

dorsal

The top or back side.

umbilical artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta.

umbilical vein

Carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus.

esophagus in the thorax

A tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach through the chest.

stomach

Stores food and begins chemical digestion.

esophagus start

Starts at the pharynx in the throat.

rugae

Folds in the stomach lining that help with digestion and allow expansion.

small intestine

A coiled tube where digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

caecum

Start of the large intestine that helps digest cellulose in plants.

function of the large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces.

rectum

Stores feces before excretion.

pancreas

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.

spleen

Filters blood, recycles red blood cells, and supports immunity.

liver

Processes nutrients, detoxifies chemicals, produces bile.

gallbladder

Stores and releases bile into the small intestine.

intestinal mesentery

Anchors intestines and carries blood vessels and nerves.

septum in the heart

Divides left and right sides to prevent blood mixing.

thymus gland

Helps develop T-cells for immune response.

aorta

Main artery carrying oxygenated blood from heart to body.

pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart, reduces friction.

right & left atria

Receive blood from body (right) and lungs (left).

right & left ventricles

Pump blood to lungs (right) and body (left).

atrioventricular valve

Valve between atrium and ventricle ensuring one-way blood flow.

renal artery

Supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

jugular vein

Carries deoxygenated blood from the head.

carotid artery

Carries oxygenated blood to the head.

pulmonary artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.

pulmonary vein

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

bronchi

Two branches of the trachea that carry air to lungs.

trachea

The windpipe that connects larynx to lungs.

larynx

Voice box that routes air to the trachea.

diaphragm

Muscle that helps with breathing and separates thorax from abdomen.

lungs

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood.

alveoli

Tiny lung sacs where gas exchange occurs.

ureters

Tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder.

urinary bladder

Stores urine before excretion.

urethra

Tube that carries urine outside the body.

medulla of the kidney

Inner part that helps filter and concentrate urine.

cortex of the kidney

Outer part containing nephrons that filter blood.

testes

Male organs that produce sperm and testosterone.

epididymis

Coiled tube where sperm matures and is stored.

ovary

Female organ that produces eggs and hormones.

oviduct

Tube where fertilization occurs; carries eggs to uterus.

vagina

Connects external genitals to uterus; birth canal.

cervix

Lower part of uterus that opens into the vagina.

uterus

Organ where the fetus develops.

cerebrum

Brain region responsible for thought, memory, learning, voluntary movement.

spinal cord

Transmits signals and coordinates reflexes.

medulla (brain)

Controls involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate.

cerebellum

Brain part that controls movement, balance, coordination.