2.1 - Colonization of the Americas - Quiz 9/6/2024

What was Hernan Cortes known for?

his expedition to Mexico from Cuba

What was the purpose of Cortes’ expedition?

to collect more workers

What was the first thing that happened to Cortes when he got to Mexico?

he was attacked by the natives

Why were Cortes and his men able to defeat the natives?

they had more technological advancements like guns

Who was Malinche?

she was a native women who was a peace offering to stop war between the natives and Spanish

What happened to Malinche under Spanish care? (3 things)

she became Cortes’ closest confidante, she was baptized to become Cathloic, and married Cortes

What was the advantage of having Malinche around?

she spoke many different languages and could translate between the groups

What crazy thing did Cortes do to keep the men in Mexico?

he burned their ships and this forced the men to press forward

What was the significance of Tlaxcala?

Cortes formed an alliance with the people in order to bring down Tenochtitlan

Who was the Aztec emperor at this time?

Montezuma

What was Tenochtitlan?

man made island with Aztecs

What were the two things Cortes noticed in Tenochtitlan?

priests with blood matted in their hair and tzompantli which is a pile of human bones

What was Cortes’ plan to overcome the Aztecs?

take Montezuma hostage and rule through him

What was the Noche Triste?

the Spanish wanted to convert the Aztecs to Catholic but the Aztecs launched this as a counterattack to drive them out

What happens after Cortes takes over the Aztec empire in 1521? (2 things)

he burns the city and builds Mexico City

Who conquered the Incan empire in 1531?

Francisco Pizarro

How did Pizarro overpower the Incans?

the same way Cortes overpowered the Aztecs

Who was Panfilo de Narvaez?

he was a Spanish explorer who came to Florida looking for gold and silver

How many people survived the expedition to Florida?

only one: Cabeza de Vaca

What is Cabeza de Vaca known for?

walking to New Mexico in 8 years

What is Francisco de Cornado known for? (3 things)

looks for 7 seas of gold, talks of shaggy cows (buffalo), tortured a slave for leading him on

What is Hernando de Soto known for?

exploring to Southeast (De Soto caverns)

Where did De Soto die?

along the Misissippi River

Who was Juan de Onate?

spanish conquistador, established the colony of New Mexico and Sante Fe in 1609

What were presidios?

built lines of Spanish forts

What does El Camino Royal translate to?

the royal highway

What are hidalgos?

2nd born sons, trades men,coming to America to make a name for themselves

What was the Encomienda system?

economic system where Natives worked for a soldier in exchange for protection, their souls were allso saved/converted

Who were Peninsulares?

people born to Spanish parents in Spain

What ind of jobs did Peninsulares have?

the best jobs, high power in govt. and church

Who were Criollos?

people born to Spanish parents in the new world

What occupation did most Criollos have?

merchants

Who were Mestizos?

people with mixed Native and Spanish parents

What was the Council of the Indies?

the group appointed by the kings that governed the Spanish Empire for the Americas

What was the audencia?

the group that governed local affairs in the Americas

What was mainly the economy in the Americas for the Spanish?

mining for gold and silver

What was a Hacienda?

a ranch that raised liverstock in order to feed the miners

Why did the Spanish have to have Haciendas?

the land in Mexico was not good for crops

What was a Vaquero?

Spanish cowboys who worked on the Haciendas

What was the purpose of the Spanish coming to the Americas?

to mine for gold

What was the purpose for the Spanish coming to Mexico?

to get more workers for farming and mining

Who conquered the Incans?

Pizarro

What is Giovanni de Verrazzano known for? (2 things)

being the first explorer sent by France to come to the Americas and mapping from the Northwest coast to Canada

What was the reason for Verrazzano's expedition?

he was sent by King Fraces I to find the Northwest Passage

What was the supposed Northwest Passage?

a passage through the Americas by water in the Northwest

Why didn't the French want to find a Southwest Passage?

the French would run into the Spanish and it would probably cause a war

What is Jaques Cartier known for?

finding the major seaway through Canada: St. Lawrence

What was Samuel de Chaplain's mission?

to establish a colony

What was the fist French colony called? First settlement?

New France; Quebec

What was the French economy based off of in North America?

fur trade

Why was fur a better option for the French? (2 things)

it was water resistant and cooler than wool

What did the French make their fur from?

beaver pelts

How was the French and Native relationship in the North?

very good, they made alliances to help with trade

What were settlers in New France called?

coureurs de bois (runners of the woods)

Where did the coureurs de bois live?

with and around the Natives in the area

Who were the Black Robes?

Catholic priests living in New France

How did King Louis XIV plan on growing the new French settlement in America?

by giving French people incentives to more there

What incentives did King Louis XIV give to the French? (3 things)

sent women to the settlement, promised a wedding gift for people married before 20, raised taxes for those not married by 25

What are Louis Joliet and Jaques Marquette known for?

discovering the Mississippi River in 1673

What is Robert de la Salle known for?

traveling all the way down the Mississippi River into the Gulf of Mexico

What was St. Augustine?

the first permanent European settlement in the North