1.2 Biotechnology

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9 Terms

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Antibiotics

molecular agents derived from fungi and/or bacteria that impede the growth and survival of some other microorganisms

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Restriction enzyme

an enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

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DNA ligase

an enzyme that binds together disconnected strands of a DNA molecule

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Recombinant DNA (rDNA)

DNA created by combining DNA from two or more sources

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Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

organisms that contain DNA from another organism and produce new proteins encoded on the acquired DNA

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E. coli

a rod-shaped bacterium native to the intestines of mammals; commonly used in genetics and biotechnology

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Plasmid

a tiny, circular piece of extra chromosomal DNA, used in recombinant DNA technologies

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t-PA (tissue plasminogen activator)

a naturally occurring enzyme that breaks down blood clots and clears blocked blood vessels

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Human Genome Project

effort to determine the DNA sequence on all 23 human chromosomes