Review of Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

A set of flashcards reviewing key concepts and definitions related to macronutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates

The primary source of energy for the body, controlling blood glucose levels and insulin metabolism.

Glycogen

Stored carbohydrate energy in the liver and muscles, released when needed through glycogenolysis.

Simple Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates that are easy to digest and provide quick energy, like fruit juice, honey, and candy.

Complex Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates that provide more fiber and take longer to digest, such as apples, brown rice, and lentils.

Fiber

A vital nutrient that aids in digestion, helps stabilize blood glucose, and reduces risks of various diseases.

Lipids

The main source of stored energy in the body, important for cell structure and function, found in fats and oils.

Saturated Fats

Fats mostly found in animal products that can increase LDL levels and risk of heart disease.

Trans Fats

Fats found in processed foods that raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol levels.

Unsaturated Fats

Heart-healthy fats found in avocados, nuts, and oils that are encouraged by experts.

Cholesterol

A waxy, fat-like substance essential for cell membrane, hormone synthesis, and digestion.

LDL (Low-Density Lipoproteins)

Considered bad cholesterol, associated with increased risk of heart disease.

HDL (High-Density Lipoproteins)

Considered good cholesterol, beneficial for heart health.

Protein

An essential macronutrient necessary for tissue building, repair, and immune function.

Essential Amino Acids

Nine amino acids that cannot be made by the body, must be obtained from food.

Complete Proteins

Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids, typically found in animal sources.

Incomplete Proteins

Proteins lacking one or more essential amino acids, which can be combined with other proteins to form a complete source.

Anabolism

The process of assembling amino acids to create proteins.

Catabolism

The process of breaking down proteins for energy.

Nitrogen Balance

The balance between protein synthesis and breakdown; a positive balance means synthesis exceeds breakdown.