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Who were the Federalists?
People who supported the ratification of the Constitution.
Who were the leaders of the Federalists?
John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Roger Sherman
Who were the Anti-federalist?
People who opposed the ratification of the Constitution.
Who were the leaders of the Anti-federalists?
Patrick Henry, George Mason
What arguments did the Federalists make in favor of the Constitution?
Country would not survive without a stronger government, fact that the gov. only had powers granted in the Constitution would limit its power, Separation of powers would keep any one branch from being too powerful,
checks and balances would allow branches to keep each other in control
What arguments did the Anti-federalists make against the Constitution
Gives the federal government too much power, no protections for the rights of the people, no protections for the rights of the states
What were some actions the federal government could take under the Articles of Confederation
negotiate treaties with other countries and Native Americans, issue coins, borrow money, ask for money and soldiers but the states could refuse
What were some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
No national court system, could not collect taxes, amendments must be approved by all 13 states, Congress could not collect state debts, no chief executive, 9 out of 13 states required to pass laws, no army
Who was George Mason?
One of the leaders of the Anti-federalists.
Who was Roger Sherman?
Came up with the plan for the Great Compromise.
Who is known as the "Father of the Constitution."
James Madison
Explain the details of the 3/5th Compromise.
The "Three-fifths Compromise" allowed a state to count three fifths of each Black person in determining political representation in the House and for purposes of taxation.
Explain the details of the Great Compromise.
It created a two house legislature with representation in the house based on a state's population and equal representation in the Senate (2 votes per state).
Explain the Virginia Plan.
Created a bicameral legislature and the # of representatives in both houses depended on a state's population.It also gave more power to the national government. This favored the large states.
Explain the New Jersey Plan
Created a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state. It also gave more power to the state governments. This favored the small states.
What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights
To recognize that the people have basic rights and ensure that government must protect those rights
Documents such as the Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and House of Burgesses all led to what the creation of what document?
These documents led to the creation of the U.S. Constitution.
Name two key problems facing the members of the Constitutional Convention.
Two key problems facing them were slavery and representation.
Representation in the House of Representatives is based on a state's....
Representation in the House is based on a state's population.
Each state receives how many votes in the Senate?
Each state receives two votes in the Senate.
What event leading up to the American Revolution resulted in the 3rd Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
The Quartering Act led to the 3rd Amendment to the Constitution.
Where can you find the phrase, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness"?
This phrase is found in the Declaration of Independence.
What are Miranda Rights and what is their role?
MIranda rights are the rights the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. These rights are read to you whenever you are arrested.
"He [King George III] has forbidden his governors to pass laws...till his Assent [approval] should be obtained" - Declaration of Independence. According to the Constitution what can Congress do to keep this from happening?
Congress can override a presidential veto with a 2/3 vote in both the House and Senate.
Summarize the 1st Amendment.
Protects Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition
Summarize the 2nd Amendment.
Protects the right to keep and bear arms
Summarize the 3rd Amendment.
Protects against quartering of troops in private homes
Summarize the 4th Amendment.
Protects against unreasonable search and seizure
Summarize the 5th Amendment.
Guarantees due process of law, do not have to incriminate self in court
Summarize the 6th Amendment.
Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial
Summarize the 7th Amendment.
Guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases over $20
Summarize the 8th Amendment.
No excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment is allowed.
Summarize the 9th Amendment.
You have other rights not listed in the Constitution.
Summarize the Tenth Amendment.
Powers not given to the national government belong to the states and the people.
Define Federalism.
The sharing of power between the state and national government
Define popular sovereignty.
The idea that the authority of government comes from the people.
Under the Articles of Confederation, who had more power, the states or the national government?
The states had more power.
What is the purpose of checks and balances?
The purpose is to allow the branches to control each other so that no one branch has more power than the other.
What does the phrase, "consent of the governed' mean?
The phrase means that government rules with the consent of the people?
Define separation of powers
Each branch of government has its own separate powers and abilities.
What is the make-up of the Executive branch and what is its job?
It consists of the President, Vice-president, and his cabinet. His primary job is to enforce the laws.
What is the make-up of the Judicial branch and what is its job?
It consists of the Supreme Court and other Federal Courts. It's primary job is to interpret and determine the Constitutionality of laws.
What is the make-up of the Legislative branch and what is its job?
Congress consists of the House of Representatives and Senate. It's primary job is to create laws
What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
The purpose was to gain support for the ratification of the Constitution.
The Magna Carta, Declaration of Independence, English Bill of Rights and the Federalist Papers are all documents that influenced ....
They influenced the U.S. Constitution.
What amendments represent the rights of the accused?
The rights of the accused are protected by the fifth through eighth amendments.
Explain the Northwest Ordinance.
Created a system for bringing new states into the Union. The territory would be divided into three to five smaller states. When the population of the territory reached 60,000 this settlers could draft their own constitution and ask to join the Union.
Explain the steps for amending the Constitution.
• Amendments must be proposed by 2/3 of the states or the Congress
• After being proposed amendments must be ratified by ¾ of the states
Why did the citizens make sure the Articles of Confederation were so weak?
They were afraid of a national government that would have too much power.
What did they Anti-federalists demand before they would agree to ratify the Constitution?
They demanded a bill of rights.
What special group elects the president of the United States?
He is elected by the Electoral College.
What was Shay's rebellion?
an uprising by farmers in western Massachusetts protesting mortgage foreclosures. It convinced the people that a new, stronger national government was needed.
Who is responsible for disciplining the president when he commits a major crime?
Congress can discipline the president by impeaching him.
