Arab-Israeli Conflict Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to the Arab-Israeli conflict and history.

Zionism

The belief that Jews need a homeland, particularly in Palestine.

The Balfour Declaration

A statement by Britain indicating support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Sykes-Picot Agreement

A secret agreement between Britain and France to divide Ottoman territories in the event of victory.

UN Partition Plan

A proposal in 1947 by British suggest to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states 45% and 55% to Israel, Israel accepts and Arabs does not but hope it wont happen

Law of Return (1950)

Law allowing any Jew from around the world to immigrate to Israel and gain citizenship.

Arab Nationalism

A political movement aimed at uniting Arab peoples and nations and promoting Arab interests.

Gamal Nasser

The leader of Egypt who introduced political and economic changes and promoted Arab socialism.

Six-Day War

A 1967 conflict in which Israel gained territory from Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.

Yom Kippur War

A conflict in 1973 initiated by Arab forces against Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur.

Hamas

A Palestinian Islamist militant organization that seeks to establish an Islamic state in Palestine.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)

An organization founded to liberate Palestine through armed struggle and political negotiation.

First Intifada

A Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation that began in 1987.

What were the effects of unrestricted Jewish immigration into Palestine in the 1920s and 1930s?

over crowded places and fights, Both sides rebelled no matter what happened

Why is Jerusalem important to Jews? To Muslims? To Christians?

All of them it is their holy land

How did Deir Yassin affect Palestinian migration?

Happens in between and radical Jewish groups are trying to cleanse certain areas with Arabs with many massacres and many fleeing expecting to get the right of retuyrn

When was the state of Israel created

May 14th 1948

Which country was the first to recognize the newly independent state?

US recognized it first

Why/How did Israel win the 1948 War?

Jew sides with Britain gain military training and had good leadership while being well funded and fighting for their countries survival.

Why/How did the Arabs lose the 1948 War?

Should have won with a bigger population and high ground. Not unified and less military supportShould have won with a bigger population and high ground. Not unified and less military supportShould have won with a bigger population and high ground. Not unified and less military support

How did Israel’s landholdings change after the 1948 War?

Israel Had 55% now owned 79% of the original controlled palestine

What was the Law of Return (1950)?

1950 passed law and still exists today any Jew from around the world was allowed to migrate to Israel needed people to work and predicted needing future soilders 

What were 3 political changes introduced in Egypt by Gamal Nasser?

Arab socialism:  banned all individual parties, dismissed all government officials and replaced them with men he had served with in the military, nassar made all decisions and parliament could not block this

What were 2 economic changes introduced in Egypt by Gamal Nasser?

put caps on how much land one could own gives it to the poor, Nationalizes several major industries

How did the Suez Conflict affect how Arab states saw the West?

They started to resent the west and how it handled things  worried Israel will become a pawn for the US

Why didn’t the UAR work?

Egypt and Syria try to merge but they don’t touch, Syrians wanted Egypt’s protection but no Arab socialism, didn’t like the land cap, wanted protection but not to follow the rules

Which lands did Israel gain and from whom in the Six-Day War?

East Jerusalem, the West Bank both from Jordan and get control of Jerusalem, the Sinai peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, Golan heights from Syria

Israel gained where from Jordan

East Jerusalem and the West Bank

Israel gained what from Egypt

the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip

Israel gained what from Syria

the Golan Heights

What started the 1973 Yom Kippur War?

Arab wanted to regain the land they lost in the 6 day war

Who won the Yom Kippur War and Why

Israel won yet they had lost more men and supplies And because Arabs didn’t get their land back.

Why do Arabs claimed to have won the Yom Kippur war?

Arabs see it as a win too because Israel was no longer invincible and their skill in the first few days of war was seen as a victory, and they had the element of surprise

How did OPEC respond to US involvement in the 1973 War?

They banned the sale of oil for around 4 to 5 months