chapter 9 development

1) Which is the least developed region among the

following?

A) North America

B) Eastern Europe

C) Southwest Asia

D) Western and Central Europe

E) East Asia

C

2) The total value of the output of goods and services in a

year in a country is its

A) gross national income.

B) primary economic sector.

C) productivity index.

D) value added.

E) gross domestic product.

E

3) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the

A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and

services produced in a country during a year.

B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in

a country during a year.

C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in

a country during a year.

D) total value of human capital development in a country

during a year.

E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign

sources of revenue during a year.

C

4) An example of a primary sector activity is

A) education.

B) manufacturing.

C) banking.

D) retailing.

E) mining.

E

5) Processing of computer information is an example of

which sector of the economy?

A) sixth percentile

B) primary and secondary

C) primary

D) tertiary

E) the data sector

D

6) The secondary sector of the economy includes which of

the following?

A) data processing

B) mining

C) government

D) construction

E) banking

D

7) In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in

which of the following sectors?

A) farming

B) primary

C) secondary

D) tertiary

E) fishing

D

8) The primary sector of the economy includes which of

the following?

A) data processing

B) beverage bottling

C) government

D) sheep herding

E) banking

D

9) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials

and energy is

A) gross domestic product.

B) productivity.

C) tertiary sector analysis.

D) market value.

E) value added.

E

10) ________ is an example of a secondary sector activity.

A) Banking

B) Farming

C) Manufacturing

D) Secondary education

E) Professional football

C

11) In less developed countries, consumer goods such as

telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are

A) available for sharing by a large number of people.

B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people.

C) essential to rural life.

D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few.

E) available only through local manufacture.

D

12) Examples of material conditions include

A) drinking water and sewage systems.

B) systems of thought.

C) religious institutions.

D) division of jobs into different sectors.

E) political institutions.

A

13) A country that has a higher level of development

exhibits a(n)

A) improvement in material conditions.

B) growth of the output of goods and services.

C) improvement of a product compared to the needed

labor.

D) division of jobs into different sectors.

E) growth of political institutions.

A

14) Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the

following?

A) the approximate level of material well being in a

country

B) the number of countries below the poverty level

C) the distribution of wealth within a country

D) the spatial distribution of global wealth

E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

C

15) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the

following?

A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a

country

B) the number of countries below sea level

C) the distribution of wealth within a country

D) the political dimensions of a population

E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable

life

E

16) Which of the following is an indicator of a country's

level of development?

A) the number of millionaires

B) the number of newspapers

C) crude death rate

D) natural death rate

E) natural increase rate

E

17) The inequality-adjusted human development index of

the United States is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European

countries.

B) greater than any other country in the world.

C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western

European countries.

D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of

people in the United States have quality health care.

E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior

to Canada.

A

18) The HDI of Latin American countries is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European

countries.

B) greater than the United States but less than Canada.

C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western

European countries.

D) greater than that of Canada and twice as great as that of

the United States.

E) inferior to Western European countries and far superior

to Canada.

A

19) Compared to less developed countries, more developed

countries have higher rates of

A) literacy.

B) childhood mortality.

C) infectious disease.

D) illiteracy.

E) environmental pollution

A

20) People are more productive in more developed

countries because they

A) work harder.

B) have access to more technology.

C) have a low amount of value added per person.

D) are consistently better educated.

E) understand their jobs better than workers in less

developed countries.

B

21) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on

education in less developed countries,

A) more women than men have access to education in

LDCs.

B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.

C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.

D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in

many MDCs.

E) levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs

B

22) If a country has a large number of publishers and

globally esteemed universities, you might surmise that the

country is most likely

A) neither an LDC nor an MDC.

B) an MDC.

C) an LDC.

D) an LDC that has some of the world's top universities.

E) an MDC that has some of the world's lowest literacy

rates

B

23) Compared to less developed countries, more developed

countries have lower

A) percentages of GDP spent on education.

B) literacy rates.

C) numbers of teachers available per pupil.

D) numbers of years attending school.

E) amounts of spending per student.

A

24) The difference in per capita GDP between the more

developed and less developed regions is

A) widening.

B) remaining constant.

C) decreasing.

D) zero.

E) cycling up and down

B

25) The North American region has high rates of material

development but troubling levels of

A) wealth.

B) inequality.

C) financial and management services.

D) spiritual development.

E) educational attainment.

B

26) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A) compares the level of development of women in a

country to the average development level of women in the

world.

B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of

males within a country.

C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is

applied only to women instead of the entire population.

D) combines economic and political indicators of

empowerment.

E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the

United States.

B

27) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development

because

A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer

child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their

rent and utilities.

B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher

economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.

C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a

major economic asset.

D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of

women, as well as families that are headed by women.

E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend

the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them

D

28) In terms of the GII, most African countries have

A) rates far below the United States and Western Europe.

B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe

owing to African investment in centers of higher learning.

C) rates that are greater than the United States but less than

Europe.

D) core-periphery models.

E) weak national economies.

A

29) Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in

previous patterns of

A) gender inequality.

B) gender equality.

C) economic inequality.

D) gender dynamics.

E) innovative agricultural methods.

A

30) Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in

A) gender equality.

B) gender inequality.

C) gender indices.

D) economic indices.

E) market forces.

A

31) Which of the following is not an indicator of global

gender inequality?

A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income

of men in MDCs.

B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.

C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every

country of the world.

D) Female literacy is much lower than males in SubSaharan

Africa.

E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in

LDCs where data are available.

C

32) Gender inequality is a challenge to development

because

A) it leads to larger family sizes.

B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower

infant mortality rates.

C) it excludes all women from both the formal and

informal economy.

D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of

women.

E) men are responsible for all economic development in

impoverished areas.

A

33) Although there are fewer developed countries in the

world, altogether they consume about ________ energy as

LDCs.

A) twice as much total

B) the same amount of total

C) five times as much total

D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as

much renewable

E) one-tenth as much

B

34) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North

Africa are

A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.

B) dispersed throughout the region.

C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.

D) primarily in Syria and Iraq.

E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red

Sea

A

35) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the

international trade alternative primarily because of

A) consumer spending.

B) petroleum reserves.

C) regional cooperation.

D) traditional social customs.

E) its strategic distribution location.

B

36) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the

United States has natural gas fields in

A) Texas but not Oklahoma.

B) the Gulf of Mexico but not the Midwest.

C) the East but not the West.

D) many different areas.

E) the North but not the South.

D

37) Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the

United States has petroleum production

A) sufficient to meet its needs without further imports.

B) that is now completely shut down due to taxation.

C) inferior to nearly every other country.

D) at significant levels but must still import oil from other

countries.

E) at levels greater than any other country.

D

38) The maps of U.S. natural gas fields in this chapter

show that the United States has

A) few natural gas fields in Texas and Ohio.

B) the greatest concentration of gas fields in Illinois and

Wisconsin.

C) a greater concentration of natural gas fields in the north.

D) a high concentration of natural gas fields in the Gulf of

Mexico.

E) the lowest number of natural gas fields in Oklahoma

and Texas.

D

39) The United States has

A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China.

B) greater natural gas reserves than Russian and lesser coal

reserves than China.

C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of

Mexico.

D) more coal reserves than China or Russia.

E) less coal than any other large country.

D

40) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved

A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.

B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.

C) a nuclear power accident.

D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.

E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.

C

41) The Chernobyl incident occurred

A) in the United States.

B) in Cuba.

C) in the Soviet Union.

D) in India.

E) in China.

C

42) According to the international trade approach to

development, a country should identify all but which of its

following assets?

A) abundant agricultural products

B) high quality manufactured goods

C) imports that it should limit

D) international consumer preferences

E) abundant mineral resources

C

43) The biggest problem in promoting development

through the international trade alternative is

A) increased demand for many goods.

B) increased price of petroleum.

C) regional cooperation.

D) unequal distribution of resources.

E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing

can increase.

D

44) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach

is to promote

A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.

B) global competitiveness for local industries.

C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.

D) unequal distribution of resources.

E) international trade.

A

45) In contrast to the international trade approach, the selfsufficiency

approach to development

A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative

activities.

B) attempts to result in uneven resource development. and

market correction indices.

C) suffers from market stagnation.

D) attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the

economy.

E) attempts to identify appropriate developmental stages.

D

46) Traditional barriers to international trade have included

A) low taxes on imports.

B) making domestic goods more expensive.

C) eliminating quotas on imports.

D) requiring licenses for importers.

E) strong domestic and international demand.

D

47) The biggest problem faced by less developed countries

in financing development is

A) trade negotiations with more developed countries.

B) identifying unique economic assets.

C) inability to repay loans.

D) promoting dependency.

E) currency inflation.

C

48) What do critics charge are some effects of Structural

Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?

A) more efficient civil service

B) diverting investment from weapons and training for the

military to social needs such as health and education

C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite

D) more dissemination of information to the public

E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support

for dependent citizens being cut

E

49) All of the following are considered more developed

regions except

A) Southwest Asia and North Africa.

B) North America.

C) Australia and New Zealand.

D) Europe.

E) Western Europe.

A

50) The major economic asset of the Russian region is

A) Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity.

B) the development of tertiary industries.

C) the production of consumer goods.

D) its oil reserves.

E) diversified industrial manufacturing.

D

51) Southwest Asia and North Africa may become more

developed primarily because of what characteristic?

A) abundant petroleum reserves

B) desert climate

C) Islamic religious principles

D) democratic reforms

E) dictatorships

A

52) Population density was traditionally low in North

Africa because of

A) its wet climate.

B) its dry climate.

C) Dutch colonial activity.

D) its high arithmetic density.

E) its low fertility rates.

B

53) Examining the sub-national variation in development

for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico,

reveals

A) development can be attributed only to outside forces.

B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the

agricultural lands.

C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous

regions.

D) almost no variations in wealth and development exist

between different subnational regions.

E) substantial variations in development exist at

subnational scales.

E

54) According to Rostow's development model, the

process of development begins when

A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to

nonproductive activities.

B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.

C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.

D) workers become more skilled and specialized.

E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.

B

55) If the per capita GDP in a given country is about

$1,500, this indicates that it is a

A) petroleum exporting state.

B) less developed country.

C) more developed country.

D) country with a high gross domestic product.

E) country with evenly distributed wealth.

56) Which one of the following statements is

INCORRECT?

A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its

income distribution.

B) The primary sector accounts for a larger share of GDP

for LDCs than MDCs.

C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in

LDCs.

D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and

demographic indicators.

E) Women participate in formal and informal economies

even in LDCs with high levels of gender inequality.

B

57) The large percentage of population involved in

agriculture in China indicates that

A) the country imports most of its food.

B) few people are unemployed.

C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.

D) most people must produce food for their own survival.

E) factory production cannot expand.

A

58) The highest levels of development within Latin

America are generally found in

A) Central America.

B) the Caribbean islands.

C) the interior of South America.

D) southern South America.

E) the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America.

D

59) Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development

because of

A) the colonial legacy, which has benefited every country

in the region.

B) poor leadership.

C) the capacity of land to produce food.

D) investment in the infrastructure of port cities, despite

ignoring infrastructure in many other areas.

E) overworked agricultural land and declining outpu

D

60) Development prospects are limited in some North

African countries because of

A) the lack of colonization and trade with Europe.

B) poor leadership.

C) the great amount of petroleum controlled by OPEC.

D) their limited reserves of petroleum.

E) overworked agricultural land and declining output

D

61) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the

Fair Trade movement?

A) Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in

LDCs.

B) Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North

American cities.

C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and

artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners.

D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with

environmental and safety standards.

E) Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority

for multinational corporations.

E