A property of the cell membrane, selectively permeable/selective permeability allows some substances in and some substances out. Cells need oxygen/nutrients in and carbon dioxide/wastes out.
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Fatty acid tails
The fatty acid tails of the phospholipid bilayer are nonpolar and hydrophobic.
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Phospholipid head
The phospholipid head of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophilic and polar.
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Equilibrium
Having equal concentration of molecules in a given space.
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Isotonic
Solutions that have equal concentrations of solute. No net movement of water - cell stays the same
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Hypertonic
The solution with a greater concentration of solute in it. Water diffuses out of cell - cell shrinks.
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Hypotonic
The solution with a lower concentration of solute in it. Water diffuses into a cell - cell swells.
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Vesicle
A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.
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Cholesterol
A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods.
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Facilitated diffusion
Molecules in cell membranes that help substances move in/out of the cell. There is a specific type of protein for each molecule. Type of passive transport (no energy). Utilized for molecules too large for fluid membrane and molecules not soluble in lipid bilayer.
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Diffusion
Movement of molecules from areas of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.
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Osmosis
Movement of water across cell membrane, from high concentration to area of lower concentration. AKA the diffusion of water.
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Passive transport
Cells do not use energy and particles move from HIGH to LOW. Includes diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion.
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Active transport
Movement from low to high concentration (UP the concentration gradient). Cells use energy (ATP). Example: plant roots pull in minerals from the soil, exocytosis, endocytosis.
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Exocytosis
exporting material from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside of the cell.
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Endocytosis
taking material into the cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane.
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Integral protein
a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane.
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Peripheral protein
A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
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Glycoprotein
A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.
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Glycolipid
a lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.
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Lipid bilayer
thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules found in the cell membrane.
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Cell/plasma membrane
the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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Plasmolysis
Shrinkage cytoplasm inside the cell membrane. Due to the loss of water from a plant cell. Causes plants to wilt. Loss of inside cell pressure: Turgor Pressure
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Cytolysis
High turgor pressure; cell explodes. In animal cell. Contractile Vacuoles (protozoa) pumps excess water out
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Concentration gradient
the gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution.
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