1. Terminology

integumentary system

integumentary system

• includes: skin external covering, hair, nails, glands, sensory receptors

• physical barrier for protection

• makes vitamin D

skeletal system

• includes: bones, cartilage, ligaments

• protects + supports organs

• mineral storage (Ca, P)

• blood cell production (bone marrow)

muscular system

• contraction (movement) of bones + tissues

• heat production

nervous system

• fast control system

• neurotransmitters

• includes: brain, spinal chord, nerves

• regulates internal + external stimuli

• controls muscles + glands

endocrine system

• slow control system

• hormones

• regulates growth, metabolism, & reproduction

lymphatic system

• includes: lymph organs + tissues

• immune defense

• fights foreign antigens (foreign proteins)

• returns lymph fluid to blood

gastrointestinal system

• food injested, broken down, and absorbed in blood for cellular metabolism

• indigestule = feces

• includes: stomach, intestines

female reproductive system

• gonads (ovaries) produce oocytes (eggs)

• includes: uterus, gonads, mammary glands

• uterus = house & aid fetal development

• female sex hormones (ex. estrogen)

male reproductive system

• includes: gonads

• gonads (testes) produce sperm

• male sex hormones (testosterone)

urinary system

• includes: kidneys, bladder

• removes nitrogen from blood to create urine

• balances water, electrolytes, acid-bases

respiratory system

• gas exchange of oxygen and Co2 b/w air (external) and bloodstream (internal) via lungs

cardiovascular system

• includes: heart, blood vessels, blood

• heart pumps blood thru vessels to transport gasses, nutrients, water, + wastes

coronal (frontal) plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides body into superior and inferior halves

midsagittal (median) plane

divides body into right and left halves

anterior / ventral

front

posterior / dorsal

back

superior

closer to head

inferior

closer to feet

medial

midline

lateral

sides

proximal

closer to trunk

distal

further from trunk

axial

• runs along midsagittal plane

• skull, vertebrae, ribs

appendicular

upper limb + lower limb

forehead

frontal

eye

optic / orbital

nose

nasal

cheek

buccal

mouth

oral / labial

chin

mental

neck

cervical

chest

sternal

armpit

axilla

boob

mammary / pectoral

belly button

umbilical

lower stomach region

pelvic

inner upper thigh

inguinal

genital

pubic / genital

shoulder

deltoid / acromial

arm

brachial

wrist

carpus

hand

manus

palm

palmer / metacarpal

shoulder blade

scapular

mid back

thoracic

thumb

pollux

fingers

digits / phalanges

front side of elbow

antecubital

forearm

antebrachial

big toe

hallux

toes

digits / phalanges

top of foot

dorsum / metatarsal

elbow

olecranal

knee

patellar

thigh

femoral

hip

coxal

ankle

tarsal

leg

crural

ear

otic / aural

back of hand

dorsum

bottom of foot

plantar

butt

gluteal

lower back

lumbar

back of knee

popliteal

calf

sural

heel of foot

calcaneal

back of groin

perineal

side of lower leg

fibular / peroneal