RADTECH 1styear

Atom

The basic unit of matter that consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Molecule

A combination of two or more atoms bonded together.

Element

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

Proton

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A particle found in the nucleus of an atom that carries no charge, making it electrically neutral.

Electron

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Ionization

The process of adding or removing electrons from an atom, resulting in a charged ion.

Quarks

Fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons.

Radiation

Energy emitted in the form of waves or particles.

Alpha Particle

A type of ionizing radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons.

Beta Particle

A high-energy, high-speed electron or positron emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei.

Gamma Ray

Electromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay.

Periodic Table

A tabular arrangement of elements organized by atomic number and chemical properties.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Radiation Therapy

A medical treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells.

Electromagnetic Radiation

A form of energy that travels through space at the speed of light, including radio waves, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays.

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

Radiation produced when charged particles are decelerated or deflected by atomic nuclei.

Compton Effect

A type of scattering of x-rays or gamma rays caused by interaction with matter.

Photoelectric Effect

A phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from matter after absorbing energy from x-rays.

Nucleus

The center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element.

Radioactivity

The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, including gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves.

Radiobiology

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms.

K-Shell

The first energy level or shell of an atom, which can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

L-Shell

The second energy level or shell of an atom, which can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.