chest and lungs

thoracic expansion tests for what

put hands on patients tenth rib and have them inhale, diaphragm diverges symmetrically

the AP diameter should be what compared to the transverse

half that of the transverse

tactile fremitus tests for what

have patient say 99, tests for symmetrical vibrations

what sound should be heard over lung fields

resonance

diaphormatic excursion

find length of diaphragms max expasion, have patient lean forward and hold inhale and exhale

normal diaphormatic excursion is how long

3-5 centimeters

trachae sounds are 

higher pitched and louder

bronchiolar vesicular sounds are

heard over main bronchus and are medium pitched

secular sounds are

heard more in lateral lung field, but also heard more all over, they are low pitched

crackles are

discontinuous popping sound heard more on inspiration, wet sound

ronchi is 

low, snoring sound heard more on expiration, sometimes can be cleared by a cough

wheezing is a

high pitched musical sound, heard on inspiration, experation, or both

friction rubs are

grading sound

pericardial rubs are

heard if you have patient hold their breath and sound is still heard

broncoughphity test

tests for lung consolidation, if heard muffled theres no consolidation, if heard clear there is, have patient say 99

egophony test

tests for lung consolidation, if heard muffled theres no consolidation, if heard clear or sounds like letter a there is, have patient say e e e

whisper pectorality

tests for lung consolidation, if heard muffled theres no consolidation, if heard clear there is, have patient say 1 2 3

where is the angle of louis

articulation of manubrium and sternum, continous with the second rib

how many lobes does the right lung have

3

how many lobes does the left lung have

2

which bronchus causes a patient to aspirate more and why

the right because it is shorter and wider than the left

stimulus to breathe is an increase of

carbon dioxide in blood and hypercapnia

good subjective question to ask someone about their cough is is it __

productive (COCA)

bronchiolitis obliterans (BO)

condition that results from damage of the lungs small airway, causes scarring of the tiny sacs in lungs resulting in thickening and narrowing of the airways

diacetyl causes what and is found where

causes popcorn lung, is found in e-cigarettes

to preform an objective assessment on the thorax we

inspect, palpate, percuss, and auscultate

resonance lung sound

low pitched, clear, hollow sound

hyperresonance lung sound

lower pitched, booming sound from too much air, emphysema, pneumothorax

dull lung sound

soft, muffled, heard with pneumonia, pleural effusion, tumor, atelectasis

atelectasis

condition where part of all of lung lobe collapses, preventing it from expanding with air

flat lung sound

over bone

tympnay

over fluid filled spaces (abdomen)

when listening to lungs with stethoscope what part of the stethoscope do we listen with

the diaphragm

barrel chest

rounded bulging chest shape, equal AP to transverse diameter

kyphosis

exaggerated posterior curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)

tachypnea

rapid, shallow breathing, rate > 24

hyperventilation

increase in both rate and depth, blows off CO2 causing decreased level in blood

bradypnea

slow breathing, decreased but regular rate <10

hypoventilation

irregular shallow pattern

cheyne stokes respiration

cycle where respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing rate and depth and then decreasing, followed by periods of apnea for 45 seconds ~

biots respiration

similar to cheyne-stokes except the pattern is irregular, seen with head trauma, brain abscess, heat stroke, spinal meningitis, encephalitis

chronic obstructive breathing

normal inspiration and prolonged expiration to overcome increased airway resistance

lobar pneumonia

inflammation of bronchial tubes throughout the lungs

emphysema

air sacks in lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

tuberculosis

infectious disease causing night sweats, fever, prolonged cough, sudden weight loss, ect

pulmonary embolism

blood clot travels from another part of the body and lodges in arteries of lungs, stopping blood from getting to the lungs

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

condition causing widespread inflammation in lungs, leading to fluid accumulation and difficulty breathing

pneumonia

infection causes inflammation in alveoli