Chapter 3 - Englands relations with Scotland and other foreign powers 1485-1509

How did the Hundred years war affect England

It strained Englands resources , leading to high taxes and economic difficulties

the war caused political instability and social unrest in England due to the financial burden of the conflict

the war contributed to the decline of the feudal system in England and the rise of a more controlled monarchy

1337 - 1453

Lambert Simnel (1486-1487):

Lambert Simnel, an impostor who claimed to be Edward, Earl of Warwick, posed a direct challenge to Henry VII’s legitimacy.

James IV of Scotland supported Simnel in an attempt to weaken Henry. In 1487, James sent forces to assist Simnel in invading England.

The support was weak, and Simnel was defeated by Henry at the Battle of Stoke Field (16 June 1487), which marked the end of this rebellion.

How did the ‘Auld Alliance’ affect England

Formed in the late 13th century this led to several conflicts between England and Scotland and France and England

The auld alliance often resulted in England facing a powerful coalition of the enemies affecting its military strategies and diplomatic relations in europe

23 october 1295 - 15 july 1560

Perkin Warbeck,

Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard of York,gained support from James IV.

In 1496, Warbeck invaded England with the help of Scottish forces, but he was defeated in the Battle of Blackheath

Prince Arthur’s marriage

Catherine , princess of aragon

1499 agreed

1501 took place

Treaty of Ayton (1497)

After Warbeck’s failed invasion, Henry VII made peace with James IV by signing the Treaty of Ayton. This treaty formally ended the hostilities between England and Scotland and marked the beginning of a more stable Anglo-Scottish relationship.

Who did Princess Margaret marry

James IV of Scotland in 1503

it strengthened alliances with Scotland

Who did Princess Mary marry

King of France Louis XII

1514 - 1515 (he died)

the aim of this was to secure peaceful relations with france

The treaty of Medina del Campo

1489 , developed good relations between Spain and England

The treaty of Windsor and the intercus malus

1506 , Henry Secured a strong relationship with Juana and Philip

restored trade between England and Burgundy

What were Henry’s foreign policy claims

He had no grand plan to assert English power in europe and was more concerned with maintaining good relations and defence , good relations with foreign powers to ensure;

national security, recognition of the tudor dynasty , defence of english trading interests

• Treaty of Picquigny

• Before Henry VII’s Reign 1475

  • The Treaty of Picquigny had been signed before Henry VII came to the throne. This treaty established a peace between England and France, and Henry inherited it, continuing the policy of peaceful relations with France.

Treaty of etaples

1492

• After initial tensions and threats of war, Henry VII successfully negotiated the Treaty of Etaples with Charles VIII of France.

  • This treaty confirmed that France would not support English pretenders, such as Perkin Warbeck, in return for Henry’s withdrawal of support for Brittany's independence.

  • The French pension provided Henry with significant revenue, stabilizing his finances after years of costly military engagement.

Burgundy and the Netherlands:

• Margaret of Burgundy. continued to support Yorkist pretenders, especially after the defeat of Richard III. This was a constant concern for Henry VII.

  In 1493, after Henry had secured the throne, the Burgundian Court continued to support pretenders, notably Perkin Warbeck.

  Henry used diplomacy to counter the threat, and he sought an alliance with Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire (who ruled Burgundy at the time), though this did not yield significant results.