Biology Final-Study Guide
Studied by 1 person
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/111
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
112 Terms
Carbohydrates
The primary source of energy for the human body.
Cell
The basic unit of life.
Mitochondria
The organelle responsible for energy production in cells.
Nucleotides
The components that DNA is composed of.
Metaphase
The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell.
Proteins
Macromolecule primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions.
Mitosis
The process by which cells divide to produce identical daughter cells.
Gene
The smallest unit of genetic information.
Protein synthesis
The primary function of the ribosome.
Plasma membrane
The semi-permeable membrane surrounding a cell.
Hydrogen bond
The bond that holds together two strands of DNA.
DNA
The molecule that carries genetic information.
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell.
Osmosis
The process involving the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Amino acids
The building blocks that make up proteins.
Protein
Enzymes are a type of this macromolecule.
Golgi body
The part of the cell involved in packaging and transport of proteins.
Photosynthesis
The function of chloroplasts.
Long-term energy storage
The primary use of lipids in the body.
Chromosome
A structure of DNA and protein.
Meiosis
Process that describes the production of gametes.
Waste breakdown
The function of lysosome.
Phospholipids
The main structural component of cell membranes.
CO₂
Not used to make glucose in photosynthesis.
Ability to move
Not a characteristic of all living organisms.
Circulatory system
The organ system responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients in the body.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The stages of MITOSIS in the correct order.
Genetics
The study of heredity and variation in organisms.
Telophase
The phase where the cytoplasm pinches in the middle with even amounts of DNA on each side.
Nucleus
The structure that controls all cell processes, including cell reproduction.
Nucleic acids
The macromolecule responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
Excretory
The organ system responsible for waste removal from the blood.
Centriole
The organelle that plays a role in cell division.
Passive transport
The process where food particles move through a cell membrane without using energy.
Diffusion
The process where particles move randomly from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Large central vacuole
This distinguishes plant cells from animal cells.
Chloroplasts
The structure found only in plant cells.
Ribosomes
What makes the rough endoplasmic reticulum rough.
Respiratory
The system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the atmosphere.
Lungs
The organ that is the site of gas exchange between the body and the environment.
Shivering
One feedback mechanism for how the body responds to cold weather.
Help eliminate body wastes
What the skin, lungs, and kidneys work together to do.
Conducting messages to coordinate body functions
The primary function of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organisms
The structural organization from the simplest to the most complex.
Blue eyes
An example of an inherited trait.
Homologous structures
Similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor.
50%
Probability of one offspring having long hair in a heterozygous (Ss) x homozygous (ss) cross.
1831
The year Charles Darwin set out on his voyage on the HMS Beagle.
Alfred Wallace
The scientist who came to the same conclusions as Darwin and forced him to publish his findings.
Skeletal
The system that supports the body, protects internal organs, and makes blood cells.
Cytokinesis
The process during which the cytoplasm splits in two.
Cardiac, skeletal & smooth
The three types of muscles that make up the muscular system.
Digestive
The body system that breaks down food into nutrients.
Muscular
The body system that works with the skeletal system to help you move.
Carry oxygen
NOT a function of white blood cells.
Two, identical
Mitosis produces this type of daughter cells.
Interphase
The phase where the cell grows and DNA replicates.
46
The number of chromosomes in a human cell.
Homozygous
The genotype for an individual to be considered 'purebred' for a trait.
Analogous structures
Body parts in different species that have similar functions but evolved independently.
Fossil
Any preserved body part, excrement, or impression of an organism that lived in the distant past.
Sex; Y
Determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome in humans.
Prophase
The phase during which the nuclear membrane of the cell disappears.
Parent's genotypes
What the two sets of letters on the outside of the Punnett square represent.
Female
What the circles in a pedigree represent.
Carrier
A person who has one recessive allele for a trait but does not have the trait.
Common Ancestry
The idea that all species are connected through a single organism that existed in the distant past.
Phenotype
The observable characteristic of an organism.
Vestigial structures
Parts of an organism that have lost some or all of their original function due to evolution.
Incomplete dominance
When neither trait is fully dominant and a blend of both traits is shown.
Artificial selection
The process where humans intentionally choose specific advantageous traits for breeding.
Robert Hooke
The first person to view cells under a microscope.
Different versions of the same gene
What alleles are.
Bottleneck Effect
A phenomenon where a population is reduced in size due to natural disasters or habitat loss.
Codominance
When both traits are dominant and both are expressed.
Recessive
The weaker form of a gene, represented by a lowercase letter.
Gregor Mendel
The father of modern genetics.
23
The number of chromosomes in a human sex cell.
Reproduction
An organism's ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
First person to view bacteria under a microscope, known as the Father of Microbiology.
Doing algebra
An example of an acquired trait.
Heresy
The crime that prevented Darwin from sharing his findings until Wallace forced his hand.
Survival of the fittest
Darwin's idea about survival and reproduction success.
Cells cannot change over time
NOT part of the cell theory.
Karyotype
An individual's complete set of chromosomes in picture form.
Butterflies
Darwin did NOT observe this species on the Galapagos Islands.
Golgi
The organelle that packages and ships substances in the cell.
Oxygen needed for cellular respiration
Fermentation occurs when a cell can't get this.
Heredity
The process of passing genetic traits from parent to offspring.
True
Photosynthesis happens in chloroplasts and cellular respiration happens in mitochondria.
True
On a pedigree, siblings are shown by a line connecting each individual at the center.
ATP
The energy form that organisms break down glucose to make.
Diffusion is an example of passive transport
Correctly describes passive transport.
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Examples of active transport.
False
One of the roles of the endocrine system is to serve as a barrier between the body and the natural world.
True
In a pedigree, the square shapes represent males.
Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
What describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane structure.
Cell membrane
The outer boundary of an animal cell.
Stimulus
A change in an organism's environment that affects its activities.
True
The phospholipid bilayer has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections.
Note 
Flashcards (23)