Nucleic acids and proteins

as- level cambridge

Describe DNA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

Describe the structure of a chromosome, with histone proteins, sister chromatids and telomeres?

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure composed of DNA and proteins, which includes histones that help package the DNA into a compact form. Each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere, and telomeres at each end protect the chromosome from deterioration.

What is the importance of mitosis?

Mitosis is crucial for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. It ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, maintaining genetic continuity.

How does the process of the mitotic cell cycle flow ?

The mitotic cell cycle consists of several stages, including interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) followed by mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis. This cycle allows for cell growth, DNA replication, and division into two daughter cells.