Composition of Blood

what is the term for an immature RBC?

reticulocyte

What are Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils) & Lymphocytes (B cells, T cells) examples of?

Leukocytes

What are the 5 stages of clotting? (hemostasis)

Vessel spasm, Formation of platelet plug, Development of clot, Clot retraction, & Clot dissolution (lysis)

What cells live 8–9 days; production controlled by Thrombopoietin. Mediators include vWF (adhesion), ADP/TXA2 (aggregation), & Calcium (coagulation cascade)?

thrombocytes

What enzyme catalyzes production of thromboxane A2? Aspirin & NSAIDs inhibit both

COX-1

what causes the clot to dissolve by digesting the fibrin strands?

plasmin

what is the medical term for Platelets < 100,000/mm3?

Thrombocytopenia [Thrombocytopenic Purpura (autoimmune) & Drug Induced Thrombocytopenia (drug-induced antibody response)]

What is a very common inherited clotting disorder (X-linked recessive, manifested in men); deficiency in factors VIII & IX?

Hemophilia A

what are the s/s of Hemophilia A?

prolonged bleeding after minor trauma, spontaneous bleeding into jt spaces (hemarthrosis), & massive bleeding into muscles

what are the PT considerations of hemophilia A?

Monitor for poor clotting, decrease fall risk, avoid heat, delay initiation of exercise after bleeds, progress gradually (isometrics to AROM before PREs), & consider prophylactic treatment w/ clotting factors before PREs

What is the 3rd most common CVD?

DVT

what are risk factors for DVT?

PMH, CHF, age (>50), oral contraceptive use, immobilization/inactivity, obstetric/gynecologic conditions, neoplasms, trauma, & stroke

A thrombus may break off and become a pulmonary embolism (PE), causing

tachycardia, tachypnea, & dyspnea

What  is used to classify the likelihood of DVT (low, moderate, or high)?

Wells' Clinical Decision Rule

what is a symptom, not a disease, characterized by reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?

anemia

what are general s/s of amenia?

Pallor, fatigue, lethargy, irritability, tachycardia, dyspnea, syncope

what type of amenia is Premature destruction of RBCs?

hemolytic anemia

What type of anemia is where B12 or folic acid deficiency (RBCs are too large)?

Megaloblastic anemia

What type of anemia is has a lack of absorption of B12 due to lack of intrinsic factor (secreted by gastric mucosa). B12 deficit causes peripheral nerve symptoms (pins/needles, tingling)?

Pernicious Anemia

what type of anemia causes Destruction of bone marrow (from radiation/toxins)?

aplastic anemia

what type of Polycythemia is a Neoplastic disorder w/ increased production of erythrocytes & low serum erythropoietin levels?

Primary (Polycythemia vera)

what type of Polycythemia is an Increase in RBCs in response to prolonged hypoxia, leading to increased erythropoietin secretion?

Secondary (Erythrocytosis)

What is an increased RBC count & hematocrit (>50%), resulting in increased blood viscosity, hypertension, & clotting tendency?

Polycythemia