afam midterm review

black loyalists

black soldiers who served fought for the british and their freedom against American colonists

de volney

French 18th century scholar who identified Black classical Egyptian civilization as foundational to the west

Fredrick Douglass

great african american abolitionist writer and orator who escaped enslavement and convinced Lincoln to enlist Black union workers

Triangular transatlantic enslavement trade

3 part trade route involving enslaved Africans, goods, and multiple continents

indentured servant

servants for 4-7 years in the American colonies

David Walker

published an uncompromising book advocating armed rebellion against slavery in 19th century

nathaniel bacon

led a multiracial coalition in armed struggle against the first british american colony in 1676

sojourner truth

great abolitionist who allegedly declared “ain’t I a woman!?” or “I am women’s rights!”

john quincy adams

6th president and passionate abolitionist who successfully represented the amistad rebels before the supreme court in 1841

james forten

rich african american colonial sail-maker who financed william loyd garisson and abolitionists 

afonso I

kongolese king shocked by mayhem, sexual assault, and enslavement by his portugese guests

francis scott key

wrote a third verse celebrating the demise of Black British troops seeking freedom in war of 1812

william lloyd garisson

great euro-american abolitionist publisher who partenered with douglass

anti-micegenation laws

laws against interracial marriage and sex

louisiana purchase

the haitain revolution triggered the massive land bargain from Napoleon to Jefferson in 1803

herodotus

greek 5th c bc “father of history” who identified classical Egyptians as a Black people

de zurara

wrote the first racial pretext to justify portugese enslavement of african people

fictive kin

non-blood related family informally adopted to recreate plantation families often destroyed by enslavement

amistad

successful sierra leone rebels of spanish slave ship led by Cinque

john brown

a white harper’s ferry leader of armed rebellion against enslavement who shook the south

white lion

first enslavement ship in colonial America brought 20 enslaved people to Port Comfort VA in 1619

Phillis Wheatley

first african american published poet impressed her enslavers and washington with her cultural mastery as she sought inclusive revolutionary freedom

5 material modes of oppression

• cultural erasure,

• day to day economic extraction

• bondage

• southern geography

• violence = maiming, killing, rape, branding

5 material modes of resistance

• cultural memory

• daily economic sabotage

• abolitionism (needs words written or spoken)

• emigrationism

• armed struggle

Modes of mental enslavement and resistance

RLSH

• religious/moral = demonize; deny divine rights

• legal = discrimination

• scientific = positive and negative eugenics

• historical = dehumanize and erase

American chattel slavery

someone is trying to say legally that someone else is their personal property

1619-1865; - personal property, bought and sold as commodities or like cattle)

1808 importing Africans as slaves was banned and Breeding farms filled the gap

manifest destiny

belittling natives and immigrants; belief that Europeans were ordained to take indigenous land

coverature

English law by which women had no legal identity but were extensions of their father and then husband

race

socially constructed identity grouping based on visual phenotype

modern slavery

unlike pre-modern forms in that it was inherited, permanent and racialized

castas

castes, borrow from india

spanish have 16 different castes

try to encourage people to be more white - psychological; eugenics

gens de couler

french term “in-between”. 4 categories

Mixed background in different social category = more rights

close packing

the middle passage on the ship where Africans were packed tightly together leading to 2 million people dying on the way to the Americas

encouraged by profit model

widespread disease

cash crop

crop for profit seen throughout the south like tobacco and cotton