ARH-314 Spread of Islam review

Islam/Islamic Empire

Abrahamic religion established after the Prophet Muhammad received a vision. Islamic empire are the territories in the Arabian peninsula, north Africa, and Persian empire that were ruled by Islamic monarch

Prophet Muhammad

Establishes Islam, is exiled from Mecca, goes to Medina, takes over Mecca

Mecca

Symbolic center of Muslim world, holds Kabba, object of pilgrimage

Medina

Where the prophet was exiled to, home to the first mosque

Damascus

Influential Umayyad city, holds Great Mosque of Damascus

Kaaba

Black cube, originally cult site, changed by prophet, object of Islamic pilgrimage

mosque

Place for muslim worship, means ‘place of prostration’

inscription/epigraphy

carving writing into stone

arabesque

ornate surface decorations, using of interlacing foliage and patterns

qibla/qibla wall

the direction of prayer, a wall that faces mecca

mihrab

niche that indicates qibla

ablaq

construction/decoration alternating dark and light stones

Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount

Centrally planned building with dome in Jerusalem over mount Moriah, built by Umayyads when they didn’t control Mecca

Umayyad Dynasty

Dominant Islamic dynasty, believe that caliph has to be related to prophet, lowkey kicked out of eastern mediterranean in 9th century