Apush Unit 4
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145 Terms
What is the name of the era following the War of 1812?
The Era of Good Feelings
What characterizes the Era of Good Feelings
-one political party
-nationalism soared
-emergence of a strong federal government
Which party held control?
Democratic-Republicans
What were some of the internal improvements made during the Era of Good Feelings?
-National Road
-National Bank
-Tariff of 1816
What made America realize that they needed to improve their industry, finances, and internal improvements?
America's struggles in the War of 1812
Who came up with the term the "American System" to promote internal improvements, industry, and finances?
Henry Clay
Why did John Quincy Adams win the Election of 1824?
Because Henry Clay advocated for him in the House of Representatives
What was the "corrupt bargain"?
a term from the Jackson supporters who believed that Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams struck a deal
How did Jackson's supporters respond to the legislature that John Quincy Adams supported?
They refused to pass it
What did John Quincy Adams and Jackson do to each other during the Election of 1828?
mudslinging
Jackson called a murderer and his wife called a bigamist
John Quincy Adams wife called a bastard child and that he provided czar of Russia with prostitutes
Who won the Election of 1828?
Jackson
What is the Jackson Democracy?
the phenomenon of the common man participating in elections
Was Andrew Jackson a murderer?
yes, he killed Charles Dickinson in a duel
How many times was Andrew Jackson shot?
3, and survived them all like a boss
Who was a war hero after the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812?
Andrew Jackson
What did Jackson get Spain to do?
He got Spain to sell Florida to the U.S. after he attacked Seminole villages
How did Jackson feel about the public?
He liked them and invited them to his inaugaration
How did Jackson feel about elitism and big governments?
He rejected elitism and believed a big government infringed on individual liberty
How was the economy under Jackson's rule?
gov was debt-free
-killed an effort to recharter bank
-banned paper money
Who did Jackson go to for advice?
his "Kitchen Cabinet"- a group of his friends instead of his actual Cabinet
What were Jackson's two regrets?
not shooting Henry Clay and not hanging John C Calhoun
How did Jackson treat deserters during the Seminole War and War of 1812?
He punished them harshly and sometimes executed them if they did it three times
What organization was Jackson a part of and what were they criticized for?
The Masons and they were criticized for being elitist and secretive
What executive power did Jackson use to much to the point where it weakened the legislative branch significantly?
the veto
What were Jackson's oppositions to the reform movement criticized for?
criticized for being against the will of the people
Did Jackson listen to the Supreme Court?
No, he weakened their power as well in order to increase the power of the executive branch
What was the Panic of 1837?
5 weeks after Jackson left office, the economy collapsed
Why did the Panic of 1837 happen?
because Jackson killed the effort to re-charter the national back and because of his specie circular policy
What was Jackson's specie circular policy?
a policy that only let people use coins instead of paper money
Did Jackson claim to support states' rights?
yes, he let Georgia continue to violate Cherokee land rights
Did Jackson support federal power in the case of nullification?
yes, tariffs caused issues between farmers and manufacturers (farmers thought manufacturers benefited), and the tariff of 1828 only inflamed tensions
What did John C Calhoun do the the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832?
he nullified them
What did Jackson threaten with in order to collect taxes?
military action
What did the compromise tariff of 1833 do?
it reduced tariffs for 10 years making military expedition unnecessary
Who was the new party that rose?
the Whigs
What did the Whigs believe?
an antimonarchial party, believed in government business cooperation, high protective taxes, internal improvements and support for the reform movement
What was Andrew Jackson sometimes called due to his amount of power?
King Andrew
What is Manifest Destiny?
the idea that America would eventually spread from the Atlantic to Pacific since it was ordained by God
Since Americans believed nothing was wrong about expansion...
they considered that the people they moved were inferior and they did not use the land to its full potential
What would America spread to the new land?
their Christianity, republicanism, and values to build America's economy
What did the Adams-Onis Treaty say?
it gave Florida to the United States after Andrew Jackson attacked Seminole villages and deposed Spanish governor
What did the Monroe Doctrine say?
that America would stay out of European affairs if Europe would stay out of the Western Hemisphere
Did Britain enforce the Monroe Doctrine?
yes
What cause the Monroe Doctrine?
America feared European influence in North America, they feared Europe would want to re-establish control of their colonies, and feared that European governments would want to keep power. They were also nervous because the Russian Empire declared ownership of the Northwest
What was different about the Cherokee?
they were civilized, they had a republican government, they were farmers, they were literate, and they were mostly Christian
Why did Georgia want Cherokee land so badly?
gold was found on it
What did Cherokee Nation vs Georgia say?
that Cherokee weren't technically citizens so they couldn't sue
What did Worchester vs Georgia say?
that Georgia laws had no effect on Cherokee
Did Jackson stop Georgia from violating Cherokee rights?
no
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
it allowed the President to negotiate land swaps with the Natives who were willing to trade their lands for lands west of Mississippi, and the President would provide them materials
What did the Treaty of Echota say?
that the Cherokee would give up their land to the U.S.
Why might the Treaty of Echota be invalid?
because Chief Ross didn't sign it nor did the legislature approve it
How were the Cherokee forced off their land?
the Trail of Tears- 800 mile walk, 4,000/13,000 died from exhaustion, disease, starvation
When did Texas get independence from Spain?
1821
What did Americans promise to do after agreeing to cheap land grants in Texas?
follow Mexican law and convert to Catholicism
How did the Texans feel about slavery?
they wanted it
What religion were the Texan settlers?
Protestants
What did Mexico do to end the flood of Americans into Texas?
they prohibited immigration and placed high tariffs on American goods
Who was Santa Ana?
the Mexican president who dissolved the Mexican Constitution and made himself dictator
How did Santa Ana decide to stop the small rebellion in Texas?
he sent his troops
What happened at the Alamo?
Santa Ana troops (2,400) faced 200 Texans and after 13 days the Texans were slaughtered
What happened to the soldiers at Goliad?
they were executed a week later in the event known as the Golaid Massacre
What did Sam Houston do to weaken the Mexicans?
he burned everything in order to deprive the Mexican army of food
What happened at the San Jacinto River?
Houston attacked Mexican army during siesta (killed 600 and captured 700 including Santa Ana)
What was the Treaty of Velasco?
a treaty that gave Texas its independence
Why was the Treaty of Velasco controversial?
-Santa Ana was POW and would do anything for his freedom
-Mexican army refused to recognize treaty believing that Santa Ana had no authority to negotiate
it made border adjustments that didn't make sense
Why was the United States presidents worried about annexation with Texas?
they believed it would create a slavery debate
Who won the Election of 1840?
William Harrison
What party was Harrison?
Whigs
What did voters blame Van Buren for?
a poor economy
Who became president after Harrison died after a month into office?
Tyler
How did Tyler react toward his own parties bills?
he vetoed them
Who won the Election of 1844?
James K Polk
Who is the greatest president?
James k Polk
What did Tyler do before leaving office?
He annexed Texas
How did Mexico respond to Polk's attempts to buy New Mexico and California?
they refused
what did Polk do when Mexico refused?
he sent in troops
What happened when a group of American soldiers were attacked by Mexicans?
THE MEXICAN WAR BEGAN
How did Lincoln express his distaste for the war?
his "spot resolutions"
What did Thoreau write to express his distaste for the Mexican war?
Civil Disobedience
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe say?
That US got West for $15 million
Why did Irish come to the US?
to escape the Great Potato Famine
How many immigrants came to the US between 1845 and 1855?
3 million
Where did the Irish tend to settle?
the northeast
Why were the Irish discriminated against?
-they would work for cheap which meant lower wages for all
-they drank a lot of alcohol
-they were Catholic
-they were blamed for crime, poverty, and disease
What is Nativism?
the belief that people born in America should be favored over immigrant groups
What was the Know-Nothing Party?
a group of Natvists (aka American Party) that planned to exploit fear of foreigners and Catholics and reserve voting rights for native-born Americans