CHEM

Potassium pennanganate

________ is a very strong oxidizing agent and can alse oxidize other organic compounds, such as alcohols.

aromatic hydrocarbon

________ is a cyclic compound where all the atoms in the ring (s) are sp2 having a "free "pi orbital to provide a "pipeline "or "conduit "in which Pi electrons can travel through being distributed throughout the molecule.

Acetylene

________ is an unsaturated organic compound because its two carbon atoms are triply bonded.

von Baeyer

The ________ test for unsaturated hydrocarbons involves reaction with a hydrocarbon with double bonds like alkenes (or triple bonds like alkynes)

Benzene

________ is a natural constituent of crude oil, and may be synthesized from other compounds present in petroleum.

C2H4

Ethylene or IUPAC name ethane is the chemical compound with the formula ________.

commercial purposes

For ________, acetylene can be made from several different raw materials depending on the process used.

terrestrial infrared radiation

Once in the atmosphere, methane absorbs ________ that would otherwise escape to space.

Acetylene gas

________ (IUPAC name Ethyne), C2H2 is a hydrocarbon belonging to the group alkynes.

double bond

Because it contains a(n) ________, ethylene is called an unsaturated hydrocarbon or an olefin.

Acetylene

________ is a hydrocarbon consisting of two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms.

hydrogen atoms

The ________ on benzene, for example, can be substituted by a methyl group or ethyl group producing methyl benzene (toluene) or ethyl benzene.

synthetic rubber

Because it is a known carcinogen, its use as an additive in gasoline is now limited, but it is an important industrial solvent and precursor in the production of drugs, plastics, ________, and dyes.

non toxic

It is a principal component of natural gas, Methane is relatively ________; it is a simple asphyxiant.

Methane

________ with a chemical formula CH4, is a coloriess, odorless, hammable gas that bums with a faintly blue flame.

Ethylene gas

________ (CH2= CH2) is an odorless, colorless gas that exists.

alkynes

It is the simplest of all ________ as it consists of two carton atoms and two hydrogen atoms.

benzene ring

The ________ is usually drawn with alternating double bonds.

acetylene

When ________ is liquified, compressed, heated or mixed with air, it becomes highly explosive.

aromatic hydrocarbon

A(n) ________ contains one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms.

Methane

________ is also formed and released to the atmosphere by biological processes occurring in anaerobic environments,

Acetylene

________ is a colorless, combustible gas with a distinctive odor.

Explosive mixtures of methane with air contan between 5

14% methane, Mixtures containing more than 14% bum without explosion

Cyclic

An aromatic hydrocarbon is a ____ compound

sp2

An aromatic hydrocarbon is a cyclic compound where all the atoms in the ring(s) are

pipeline or conduit

An aromatic hydrocarbon is a cyclic compound where all the atoms in the ring(s) are sp2 having a "free" pi orbital to provide a ___ __or__ _____

Delocalized pi electron system

in which Pi electrons can travel through being distributed throughout the molecule.

Planar sets of 6 carbon atoms

An aromatic hydrocarbon contains one or more ___

Benzene ring

Set of 6 carbon atoms

Benzene

Simpliest aromatic hydrocarbon

Alternating double bonds

Benzene ring is usually drawn

Aromatic bonding

type of bonding quite distinct from other types of multiple bonding, such as double or triple bonds.

Napthalene (C10H8)

Two fused benzene rings produce the hydrocarbon

Anthracene and phenanthrene

three fused benzene rings produce the two isomers

Methyl group and ethyl group

hydrogen atoms on benzene, for example, can be substituted by

Carcinogen

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic chemical compound and a known

Benzol

Other term for benzene

C6H6

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula

Ph-H

Benzene is sometimes abbreviated

Sweet smell

Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a _____ and a relatively high melting point.

colorless, highly flammable, sweet smell, high melting point

Characteristics of benzene

additive in gasoline

Because benzene is a known carcinogen, its use as an ____ is now limited

solvent and precursor

Benzene is an important industrial __ __and__ ____

drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes

important industrial solvent and precursor in the production of ____,______,______,and__ ___

Crude oil, petroleum

Benzene is a natural constituent of __ __and may be synthesized from other compounds present in__ _____.

Ethyne (C2H2)

Chemical formula and name of acetylene gas

acetylene gas

hydrocarbon belonging to the group alkynes.

2 carbon, 2 hydrogen

Acetylene is a hydrocarbon consisting of __*___ atoms and*__ ________atoms.

Distinctive odor

Acetylene is a colorless, combustible gas with a

liquefied, compressed, heated or mixed with air

When acetylene is ____,______, ____or__ ____ it becomes highly explosive.

Acetylene

the simplest of all alkynes

are triply bonded

Acetylene is an unsaturated organic compound because its two carbon atoms

calcium carbide with water

Simplest process of making acetylene gas and calcium carbonate slurry

hydrated lime

Calcium carbonate slurry is called

Raw material

The most common use of acetylene is as a _____ for The production of various organic chemicals including 1,4=butanediol,

1,4=butanediol

widely used in the preparation of polyurethane and polyester plastics.

polyurethane and polyster

1,4=butanediol, which is widely used in the preparation of

Raw material for the production of organic compounds and as a fuel component

Common uses of acetylene gas

oxy-acetylene

The second common use of acetylene gas is as the fuel component in

welding and metal cutting

The second common use is as the fuel component in oxyacetylene __ __and__ ____

Ethylene

Simplest allene

ethene (C2H4)

Chemical formula and name of ethylene

olefin

Ethylene is called an unsaturated hydrocarbon or

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Because it contains a double bond, ethylene is called an

Hormone

Ethylene is extremely important in industry and even has a role in biology as a

death or ripening

Ethylene is known as __ __or__ ___ hormone

Combustion

Ethylene is a by-product of man-made processes, such as

Nature

Ethylene gas (CH2 = CH2) is an odorless, colorless gas that exists

in ____ and is also crealed by man-made sources.

Man-made sources

Ethylene gas (CH2 = CH2) is an odorless, colorless gas that exists

in nature and is also created by

Plant and plant products

In nature, the largest producers are

Plant growth, development and eventually death

Ethylene, also known as the "death" or "ripening homone plays a regulatory role in many processes of

Receptors

Fruits, vegetables and flowers contain ____ which serve as bonding sites fo absorb free atmospheric ethyiene molecules.

Tomato, avocado or banana

The common practice of placing a ____ in a paper bag to hasten ripening is an example of the action of ethylene on produce.

Stimulant

Increased levels of ethylene contained within the bag, released by the produce itself, serves as a ____ after reabsorption to initiate the production of more ethylene.

CH4

Methane chemical formula

Exothermic

The combustion of methane is highly

14%

Mixtures containing more than ___ methane burn without explosion

Methane

Principal component of gas

5-14%

Explosives mixtures of methane with air contain ____ methane

a greenhouse gas

This property can contribute to the warming of the atmosphere, which is why methane is

anaerobic environments

Methane is also formed and released to the atmosphere by biological processes occurring in

colorless,odorless,flammable gas

Characteristics of methane

Blue

What color does methane gas produce?

stratosphere

Methane increases the amount of water vapor in the ____ which also traps heat.

21, carbon dioxide

It is about __ times more powerful at warming the atmosphere than ____ by weight.

Bubble or gas

**In Preparation of Methane** The methane gas produced by this reaction can be observed as a

Blue flame

If a flame is brought near the mouth of the test tube, the methane gas will ignite and burn with

Water displacement

a common method for collecting gases produced in a chemical reaction.

Can generate methane gas

Heating a mixture of 4g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 10g of soda lime in a test tube

anhydrous sodium acetate and soda lime

Heating a mixture of 4g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 10g of soda lime in a test tube can lead to the generation of methane gas. This is due to the reaction between _____ also known as acetic acid test

potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

In Von Baeyer’s Test/Test for Unsaturation, Methane gas did not  react with _____ since it does not contain any unsaturation.

No reaction

In Von Baeyer’s test (methane) What happened When 5 drops of potassium permanganate are added to 1 mL of cyclohexane

Von Baeyer’s test

chemical test used in organic chemistry to detect the presence of unsaturation

Methyl bromide (CH3Br) and hydrogen bromide (HBr)

Products of methane substitution reaction

will fade away

In methane substitution reaction, When 2 drops of bromine are added to cyclohexane and then exposed to sunlight**,** a substitution reaction will occur slowly. As the reaction proceeds, the yellow color of the bromine

CH4 + Br2 (in the presence of sunlight)→ CH3Br + HBr

**Equation (a):** Methane reacts with bromine to form methyl bromide and hydrogen bromide

C6H12 + Br2 (in the presence of sunlight) → C6H11Br + HBr

**Equation (b):** Cyclohexane reacts with bromine to form bromocyclohexane and hydrogen bromide

Blue flame

In methane combustion reaction Methane gas burns readily in the presence of a spark or flame, producing a

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

The combustion of methane (CH4) can be represented as