CHEM

Methane with a chemical formula CH4 , is a coloriess, odorless, hammable gas that bums with a faintly blue flame. It is a principal component of natural gas, Methane is relatively non-toxic; it is a simple asphyxiant. It is flammable in air and forms explosive mixtures with air. Explosive mixtures of methane with air contan between 5 - 14% methane, Mixtures containing more than 14% bum without explosion. The combustion of methane is highly exothermic. Methane is also formed and released to the atmosphere by biological processes occurring in anaerobic environments,

Once in the atmosphere, methane absorbs terrestrial infrared radiation that would otherwise escape to space. This property tan contribute to the warming of the atmosphere, which is why methane is a greenhouse gas. It is about 21 times more powerful at warming the atmosphere than carton dioxide by weight. It also increases the amount of water vapor in the stratosphere which also traps heat.

The von Baeyer test for unsaturated hydrocarbons involves reaction with a hydrocarbon with double bonds like alkenes (or triple bonds like alkynes). Even though you can draw double bonds for aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene or tolere), these double bords do not react like alkene double bonds. An evidence that an alkene-like double bond is present is the rapid disappearasce of the permangarate purple calor. Potassium pennanganate is a very strong oxidizing agent and can alse oxidize other organic compounds, such as alcohols. For this reaction, pay attention to the color of the bromine that you are adding. If the Br2 that you are adding just appears to get fainter in color, then no reaction occurred. If the color of the Br2, that you add disappears then that is a color change for the Br2, and a reaction took place between the Br2 and the organic chemical. One of the most important uses of organic compounds, especially hydrocarbons, is combustion. This is the basis of the internal combustion engine and other heat generating sources such as methane as the fuel for a gas fumace or water heater and propane for your home barbecue. In fact most alkanes are so unreactive that the only reaction that they undergo is combustion, combining with molecular oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

Ethylene or IUPAC name ethane is the chemical compound with the formula C2H4. It is the simplest alkene. Because it contains a double bond, ethylene is called an unsaturated hydrocarbon or an olefin. It is extremely important in industry and even has a role in biology as a hormone. Ethylene gas (CH2 = CH2) is an odorless, colorless gas that exists

in nature and is also crealed by man-made sources. Not easily detectable, it exists where produce is stored. In nature, the largest producers are plant and plant products (like, fruits, vegetables and floral products) which produce ethylene within their tissues and release it into the surrounding atmosphere. It is also a by product of man-made processes, such as combustion.

Ethylene, also known as the "death" or "ripening homone" plays a regulatory role in many processes of plant growth, development and eventually death. Fruits, vegetables and flowers contain receptors which serve as bonding sites to absort free atmospheric ethylene molecules.

The common practice of placing a tomato, avocado or banana in a paper bag to hasten ripening is an example of the action of ettylene on produce. Increased levels of ethylene contained within the Bag, released by the produce itself, serves as a stimulant after reabsorption to initiate the production of more ethylene. The overall effect is to hasten ripening, aging and eventually spoilage.

Acetylene gas (IUPAC name Ethyne), C2H2 is a hydrocarbon belonging to the group alkynes. It is the simplest of all alkynes as it consists of two carton atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Acetylene is an unsaturated organic compound because its two carbon atoms are triply bonded.

Acelylene is a hydrocarbon consisting of two carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. Its chemical symbol is C2H2. For commercial purposes, acetylene can be made from several different raw materials depending on the process used. The simplest process reacts calcium carbide with water to produce acetylene gas and a calcium cartonate slurry, called hydrated line. Acetylene is a colorless, combustible gas with a distinctive odor. When acetylene is liquified, compressed, heated or mixed with air, it becomes highly explosive. The most common use of acetylene is as a raw material for The production of various organic chemicals including 1,4-butanediol, which is widely used in the preparation of polyurethane and polyester plastics. The second common use is as the fuel component in oxy-acetylene welding material and metal cutting.

An aromatic hydrocarbon is a cyclic compound where all the atoms in the ring(s) are sp2 having a "free” pi orbital to provide a "pipeline" or "conduit" in which Pi electrons can travel through being distributed throughout the molecule. This is referred to as delocalized Pi electron system.

An aromatic hydrocarbon contains one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms.

The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene and the set of six carbon atoms is called the benzene ring. The benzene ring is usually drawn with alternating double bonds.

There is a reason for this. Each carbon atom has four electrons to share, one shares with the hydrogen atom, and one each to the two neighboring carbons leaving' one extra to share with one of its neighboring carbon atoms (i.e. a double bond). Aromatic bonding is a type of bonding quite distinct from other types of multiple bonding, such as double or triple bonds. Two fused benzene rings produce the hydrocarbon naphthalene and three fused benzene rings produce the two isomers anthracene and phenanthrene.

The hydrogen atoms on benzene, for example, can be substituted by a methyl group or ethyl group producing methyl benzene (toluene) or ethyl benzene.

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula C6H6. It is sometimes abbreviated Ph-H. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell and a relatively high melting point. Because it is a known carcinogen, its use as an additive in gasoline is now limited, but it is an important industrial solvent and precursor in the production of drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and may be synthesized from other compounds present in petroleum.