Industrial Revolution JX

Industry where the Industrial Revolution began.

What was the textile industry?

Where workers made cloth, before the Industrial Revolution.

What was in their own cottages (at home)?

factories were located next to these.

What were rivers or streams?

Where workers worked, after the Industrial Revolution began.

What were factories?

cotton-cleaning machine that dramatically increased cotton production.

What was the cotton gin?

type of power that replaced wind on ships.

What was steam?

American developer of the first successful steamboat.

Who was Robert Fulton?

Waterways built to connect cities and rivers.

What were canals?

Flat-bottomed boats used on canals.

What were barges?

Steam engines on wheels that ran on rails.

What were locomotives ?

class that increased and gained political power during the Industrial Revolution.

What was the middle class?

class created by the Industrial Revolution.

What was the industrial working class (proletariat)?

group of society that had to work along with adults.

Who were children?

Centers of population that grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution.

What weré cities?

Working-class children had no time for either of these two activities.

What were we going to school and playing?

Type of labor limited by: early reform laws.

What was child labor?

Workers' associations were allowed in England after 1824.

What were trade unions?

refusals to work in order to gain demands.

What were strikes?

Famous English novelist who described the terrible working conditions.

Who was Charles Dickens ?

New, shorter workday for textile mills.

What was 10 hours?

The weaving machine was invented in ~ 1733.

What was the flying shuttle?

pinning machine invented in 1764.

What was the spinning jenny?

Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine.

Who was James Watt?

This replaced water as a major source of power.

What was steam?

American inventor of the cotton-cleaning machine.

Who was Eli Whitney ?

manufacture of standard goods in large quantities.

What was mass production?

Morse's system of dots and dashes.

What was Morse code?

American who developed the telegraph.

Who was Samuel Morse?

improved roads developed by the Scot John McAdam.

What were macadam roads?

Devices that control the level of water in canals.

What are locks?

Fulton's famous steamboat.

What was Clermont?

invention that sent electrical impulses over wire.

What was the telegraph?

increase in the number of people.

What was population growth?

Working conditions in factories.

What was noisy, dirty, dangerous, and uncomfortable? (Name two or three.)

Workers who were paid lower wages.

Who were women and children?

What the proletariat had to sell in order to live.

What was their labor?

type of worker that decreased.

Who were farm workers, or self employed workers ?

Negotiating by unions and management.

What was collective bargaining?

Living standards improved when these became available to workers.

What were cheap factory (consumer) goods?

Social class that supported factory workers against owners.

What was the aristocracy?

system in which the public owned the means of production.

What was socialism?

socialists who designed model communities.

Who were Utopian socialists ?

Parts that fit any example of a particular product.

What were interchangeable parts?

Englishman who found how to make steel from iron.

Who was Henry Bessemer?

material that replaced iron in machines.

What was steel?

Material that replaced charcoal for smelting iron.

What was coal?

American inventor of the mechanical reaper.

Who was Cyrus McCormick?

Heavily insulated communications wires laid underwater.

What were cables?

Improved transportation was necessary to move these items.

What were raw materials and finished goods?

chief means of land transportation before the Industrial Revolution.

What was by horse or cart (over roads)?

These replaced wooden rails on railroads so heavier loads could be carried.

What were iron rails?

new form of personal transportation that first hit the roads in the late 1800's.

What was the automobile?

few groups that ran the factories, neither owners nor laborers.

Who were managers?

Workers often had to do this to be near-the factories.

What moved their homes?

type of labor most in demand at factories.

What was unskilled labor?

Great fear of urban factory workers.

What was unemployment?

condition of air and water in cities.

What was polluted?

Welsh socialist who established a utopian community for his factory workers.

Who was Robert Owen?

Developer of scientific social-ism.

Who was Karl Marx?

Marx's famous pamphlet.

What was the Communist Manifesto?

Groups that were in opposition under capitalism, according to Marx.

Who were the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and proletariat (workers)?

Economic theory means "let do" favored by business owners.

What was laissez-faire

Fencing off of formerly common land in England.

What was the enclosure system?

Inventor of the weaving machine.

Who was John Key?

Inventor of the spinning machine.

Who was James Hargreaves?

English engineer who developed the first practical steam engine.

Who was Thomas Newcomen?

English inventor of the water frame for spinning.

Who was Richard Arkwright?

Weaving machine invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785.

What was the power loom?

Steamboat that crossed the Atlantic in 1838.

What was the Great Western?

English engineer who won a locomotive-building contest.

Who was George Stephenson?

Speedy locomotive that started an English railroad-building boom.

What was the Rocket?

Italian who built the first electric battery.

Who was Alessandro Volta?

American responsible for the trans-Atlantic cable

. Who was Cyrus Field?

Englishman who produced electricity with a magnet.

Who was Michael Faraday?

Social class that lost power as the Industrial Revolution continued.

What was the aristocracy (upper classes)?

Cities grew around these.

What were factories?

Average length of the industrial working day.

What was 12 to 14 (or 16) hours?

Normal length of the industrial working week.

What was SIX TO SEVEN days?

Buildings that housed many people.

What were tenements?

People who owned the means of production.

Who were capitalists?

Englishman who wrote about increasing population.

Who was Thomas Malthus?

English businessman who wrote that working-class poverty was unavoidable.

Who was David Ricardo?

English philosopher who wrote that a government should promote social welfare.

Who was John Stuart Mill?

Owen's utopian factory community in Scotland.

What was New Lanark?

Marx's co-author.

Who was Friedrich Engels?

Marx's study of capitalism.

What was Das Kapital?