ATP 3

apparatus one

apparatus two

apparatus three

apparatus four

upward delivery

collect gas lighter than air

ammonia and hydrogen

downward delivery

collect gases heavier than air

carbon dioxide, oxygen, etc

determine volume of gas

use gas syringe

Over water

Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen Done when: Gas is insoluble in water

cracking precautions

Delivery tube must be removed before heating is stopped to prevent back suction of the water into the hot tube which would break it.

Universal indicator

More accurate gas jar?

Gas syringe

Dry a solid

Dry it between filter papers

Why not heat crystals in an oven?

this may cause decomposition of the substance or loss of water of crystallization.

Burrete or pippete?

Burrete for greater than 25cm³

max volume of burette is 50cm³

volume and temperature graphs for endothermic and exothermic reactions

improvement if polystyrene is already used

use a lid or insulate the apparatus

how to know all liquid has been collected in distillation

temperature starts to rise

fuel experiment errors

Loss of heat to the surroundings.

Incomplete combustion of the fuel.

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Insulate the experiment to prevent loss of heat to the environment.

Use copper can instead of a test tube.

Why can’t we put our baseline in solvent?

dyes would mix / dissolve with solvent / wash off paper

calculate volume of CO2 from fizzy drinks

Measure 25 cm³ of the drink using a pipette. Put into a flask connected to a gas syringe. Heat the flask until no more încrease "in volume of gas in the gas syringe: Determine the highest volume of gas collected. Multiply by 40 (to get 1000cm³) to determine the volume that would be collected from 1000 cm³