SOC-100 Final Concepts

Mobility Myth

Belief that hard work = success (ignores structural barriers)

Aspirations

What people hope to achieve

Expectations

What people realistically think they’ll achieve

Attainment

What people actually achieve

5 Types of Capital

1. Economic Capital

2. Social Capital

3. Cultural Capital

4. Human Capital

5. Moral Capital

Economic Capital

Money/resources

Social Capital

Connections/networks (helps find opportunities)

Cultural Capital

Knowledge/behavior valued by society (helps in school/work)

Human Capital

Education and skills

Moral Capital

Values about right/wrong (guides decisions)

Neighborhood Effects

Where you live affects opportunities

Compositional Effects

Outcomes based on who lives there

Contextual Effects

Outcomes based on the environment itself

Gatreaux Program

Moving to better neighborhoods improved outcomes

Moving to Opportunity (MTO)

Showed neighborhood impacts mobility

Social Movement

Organized effort to create or resist social change

Reactive Movement

Opposes change

Proactive Movement

Promotes change

Name Calling

Negative labels to attack opponents

Glittering Generalities

Vague positive language

Transfer

Associate with respected symbol

Testimonial

Endorsement from a person

Plain Folks

Present as ordinary people

Card Stacking

Only showing one side

Bandwagon

“Everyone supports this”

Deindustrialization

Shift from manufacturing to service jobs

Globalization

Jobs moving to other countries

Cybernation

Technology replacing workers

Feminization of Labor

More women entering workforce (often lower pay jobs)

Cohort Effect

Differences based on generation primarily focus on the change in attitudes toward homosexuality

Period Effect

Changes affecting everyone at the same time

Life Chances

Opportunities based on social position

Relative Poverty

Being worse off compared to others

Absolute Poverty

Not enough to survive

Prejudice

Beliefs about a group

Discrimination

Actions against a group