Introduction to Operating Systems

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to operating systems based on the lecture notes.

Operating System (OS)

A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware.

Kernel

The one program running at all times on the computer and part of the operating system.

Multiprogramming

Organizes jobs so that the CPU always has one to execute and manages multiple jobs in memory.

Multitasking

A logical extension of batch systems, where the CPU switches jobs frequently, allowing user interaction.

System Call

A programming interface to the services provided by the operating system.

Bootloader

A small program responsible for loading the operating system into memory from firmware.

File System Management

OS provides a logical view of information storage and organizes files into directories.

Protection

Any mechanism for controlling access of processes or users to resources defined by the OS.

Security

Defense of the system against internal and external attacks, including worms and viruses.

Virtualization

Allows operating systems to run applications within other operating systems.

Process Management

Involves creating, scheduling, and terminating processes, managing their resources.

Memory Management

Determines what is in memory at any time and manages memory allocation and deallocation.

Clustered Systems

Multiple systems working together, sharing storage, and providing high-availability services.

Storage Hierarchy

Storage systems organized based on speed, capacity, and volatility.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

A user-friendly desktop interface that uses graphics and icons to enable user interaction.

CLI (Command Line Interface)

Allows direct command entry into the operating system through a text-based interface.

Linkers and Loaders

Tools that manage the process of combining object files and loading them into memory.