Neuroscience and Anatomy: Nissl Bodies, Reflexes, and Brain Structures

All of the following about Nissl bodies are true except one. Which is the Exception?

Are located within the axon hillock

2 multiple choice options

The myelin sheath surrounding a neuron in the cerebral cortex is secreted by

Oligodendrocytes

3 multiple choice options

All of the following about neurons are true EXCEPT ONE. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Sensory neurons are the most common

3 multiple choice options

All of the following are examples of reflexes EXCEPT ONE. Which is the EXCEPTION?

Running from danger

3 multiple choice options

A motor signal would travel via which pathway?

CNS to PNS via efferent fiber

3 multiple choice options

An upper motor neuron injury would produce all of the following effects EXCEPT ONE. Which is the ONE EXCEPTION?

Atrophy of the muscle

3 multiple choice options

Loss of Knee Jerk Reflex suggest injury to:

Lower motor neurons

1 multiple choice option

The region of the brain that consists of strongly interconnected nuclei that influence motor function via feedback to the cortex is the :

Basal ganglia

3 multiple choice options

Loss of muscle is associated with injury to:

Lower motor neurons

1 multiple choice option

A stroke on the right hemisphere affecting the postcentral gyrus would result in

Sensory impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

3 multiple choice options

Tactile discrimination or proprioception from the right hand involves a fiber pathway where its secondary neurons are located in the:

Right medulla oblongata of the brain stem

3 multiple choice options

The cell body of the secondary neuron for the pathway of proprioception is located in the

Medulla oblongata of the brain stem

3 multiple choice options

A stroke on the left hemisphere affecting the precentral gyrus would result in

Motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

3 multiple choice options

Sweat glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels on the face recieve their autonomic innervation from the

Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord

3 multiple choice options

The lateral horn of the sacral region of the spinal cord contains preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

True

1 multiple choice option

The central control of the autonomic nervous system is loacated in the

Hypothalamus

3 multiple choice options

All of the following cranial nerves have a parasympathetic component EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

CN V

3 multiple choice options

What is the function of the cranial nerve CN III

Controls four of the muscles that move the eyeball

3 multiple choice options

Which cranial nerve is motor innervation to muscles in the neck

CN XI

3 multiple choice options

Aqeous humor is secreted from the

Ciliary body

3 multiple choice options

We talked about neglect syndrome in class and its effect of a lack of vision on the neglected side. In a patient exhibiting right side negelect a patient cna't see his right visual field. The right visual field normally travels in the

Both the left and right optic nerves

3 multiple choice options

Dilation of the pupil is produced by which nerve

Post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves

3 multiple choice options

The oral window contains the footplate of the stapes and moves in an out of the oral window. The round window separates the middle ear from the:

Scala Tympani

3 multiple choice options

The ear ossicle that attaches to the tympani membrane is the

Malleus

2 multiple choice options

The epithelium of associated with elevated sublingual tissue would be classified

Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

3 multiple choice options

The pain fibers located in the area around the stud are what part of a neruons

Dendrites

2 multiple choice options

The pierced muscle is innervated by a neuron classified as:

Multipolar

2 multiple choice options

Which of the following glial cells can be found adjacent to the wound caused by the piercing?

Schwann Cells

3 multiple choice options

The lamina propina which is immediately adjacent to the epithelium affected by the stud is most likely classified as:

Loose connective

3 multiple choice options

THe type of connective tissue celll that would phagocyte the bacteria associated with the infection around the stud would be a

Microphage

3 multiple choice options

Certain nerve trunks are composed of several fascicles. Which of the following entirely encloses these trunks?

Epinerium

2 multiple choice options

All the following statements about Nissl bodies are true EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Are located within the axon hillock

2 multiple choice options

The sensory neurons found in the spinal ganglion are classified as:

(Psuedo)Unipolar

2 multiple choice options

Which of the following structures is found in the brainstem?

Cranial nerve nuclei

3 multiple choice options

True or false. Sensory information travels from the PNS to the CNS via an efferent fiber.

False

1 multiple choice option

An upper motor neuron injury would produce all the following effects EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Atrophy of the muscle

3 multiple choice options

Injury to the right corticospinal tract in the spinal cord would result in which deficit?

Spastic paralysis on the right side

3 multiple choice options

The cerebellum facilitates all the following actions EXCEPT ONE. The EXCEPTION is:

Direction of movement

3 multiple choice options

Loss of muscle tone is associated with injury to:

Lower motor neurons

1 multiple choice option

Tactile discrimination or proprioception from the right hand involves a fiber pathway where its secondary neurons are located in the:

Right medulla oblongata of the brain stem

3 multiple choice options

The primary or first neuron cell body for pain sensation is located in the

Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion |

3 multiple choice options

The dorsal column fiber tract consists of axons of neurons whose cell bodies are located in the

Spinal ganglion

3 multiple choice options

A stroke on the left hemisphere affecting the precentral gyrus would result in

Motor impairment on the contralateral (opposite) side

3 multiple choice options

Sweat glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels on the face receive their autonomic innervation from the:

Preganglionic fibers associated with the thoracic region of the spinal cord

3 multiple choice options

Long postganglionic fibers are associated with

Sympathetic nerves

1 multiple choice option

The lateral horn of the sacral region of the spinal cord contains preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies

True

1 multiple choice option

Which cranial nerve is associated with motor movement of the tongue?

CN XII

3 multiple choice options

Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles that move the skin on the face?

CN VII

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following cranial nerves has both afferent and efferent fibers?

CN VII

3 multiple choice options

The structure in the eyeball that is composed of dense connective tissue with Type I collagen is the:

Sclera

3 multiple choice options

Bipolar neurons have dendrites that connect to rods and axons that connect to

Ganglion cells

3 multiple choice options

We talked about neglect syndrome in class and its effect of a lack of vision on the neglected side. In patient exhibiting right side neglect a patient can't see his right visual field. The right the visual field normally travels in the:

Both the left and right optic nerves

3 multiple choice options

In the inner car, the spiral organ (organ of Corti) has hair cells that are attached to the basal membrane. The basal membrane is between which two spaces in the inner ear?

Cochlear duct and scala tympani

2 multiple choice options

Endolymph is located in the_____ while perilymph is located in the ____

Cochlear duct; Scala tympani

3 multiple choice options

The epithelium of associated with elevated sublingual tissue would be classifed as:

Stratified squamous, non-keratinized

3 multiple choice options

The pain fibers located in the area around the stud are what part of a neuron

Dendrites

2 multiple choice options

The pierced muscle is innervated by a neuron classified as:

Multipolar

2 multiple choice options

Which of the following glial cells could be found adjacent to the wound caused by the piercing?

Schwann Cells

3 multiple choice options

The lamina propria which is immediately adjacent to the epithelium affected by the stud is most likely classified as:

Loose Connective

3 multiple choice options

The type of connective tissue cell that would phagocytize the bacteria associated with the infection around the stud would be a:

Macrophage

3 multiple choice options

The secretory units (acini) within the parotid gland are primarily made of what type of epithelium?

Simple Cuboidal

3 multiple choice options

The patient's facial paralysis is a result of the tumor compressing the facial nerve. The motor neurons within this nerve that control the muscles of facial expression are structurally classified as:

Multipolar

3 multiple choice options

The reported loss of skin sensation over the mass suggests damage to the sensory receptors, which are part of the neuron's:

Dendrites

3 multiple choice options

The fibrous connective tissue that forms the capsule surrounding the parotid gland is best classified as:

Dense irregular connective tissue

3 multiple choice options

If the facial nerve (a peripheral nerve) were damaged during surgery, which glial cells would be essential for regenerating the damaged axons?

Schwann Cells

3 multiple choice options

Following the surgical procedure, which cell type would be primarily responsible for phagocytizing dead cells and tissue debris in the healing wound?

Macrophage

3 multiple choice options

The patient's facial paralysis is caused by the tumor's effect on efferent nerve fibers. What is the primary function of these fibers?

Transmitting motor commands from the brain to the muscles

3 multiple choice options

The patient's facial paralysis is a direct result of tumor compression on the Facial Nerve. By which Roman numeral is this cranial nerve designated?

VII

3 multiple choice options

The loss of sensation in the skin over the mass points to a deficit in which functional division of the nervous system?

Somatic Sensory

3 multiple choice options

The cell bodies of the motor neurons that constitute the Facial Nerve are located in a nucleus within which part of the central nervous system?

Brainstem

3 multiple choice options

If the facial nerve were surgically repaired, which glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system would be primarily responsible for producing a new myelin sheath to aid in axon regeneration?

Schwann Cell

3 multiple choice options

The motor neurons of the facial nerve are structurally classified

Multipolar

2 multiple choice options

The motor neurons of the facial nerve are structurally classified as multipolar neurons. What defines a multipolar neuron?

Multiple dendrites and one axon extending from the cell body.

3 multiple choice options

The transmission of the nerve impulse from the facial nerve to the facial muscles occurs at a specialized synapse. What neurotransmitter is released at this neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholine

3 multiple choice options

The facial nerve is classified as a 'mixed nerve.' What does this term signify?

It carries both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) fibers.

3 multiple choice options

The sensory nerve fibers that detect pain and touch from the skin belong to which major division of the nervous system?

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

2 multiple choice options

The facial nerve provides innervation to the lacrimal gland (produces tears) and some salivary glands. This function is part of which nervous system division?

Parasympathetic division

3 multiple choice options

The patient's facial paralysis, with weakness of the entire left side of the face, is characteristic of a lesion to which type of neuron?

Lower motor neuron

3 multiple choice options

14. While the Facial Nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles, the skin sensation over the parotid region is primarily carried by a branch of which other cranial nerve?

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

3 multiple choice options

15. The speed of nerve conduction is greatly increased by myelin. This is achieved by the action potential 'jumping' between gaps in the myelin sheath. What is this process called?

Saltatory conduction

3 multiple choice options

16. The individual nerve fibers within the facial nerve are each surrounded by a delicate layer of connective tissue called the:

Endoneurium

2 multiple choice options

The facial nerve's motor root originates from the facial motor nucleus located in which specific part of the brainstem?

Pons

3 multiple choice options

19. The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that detect touch and pain from the face (and are carried by CN V) are located in a ganglion outside the brainstem. What type of neurons are these sensory neurons structurally?

Psuedo(unipolar)

2 multiple choice options

If the tumor had primarily affected the autonomic fibers within the facial nerve, which of the following symptoms would be most prominent?

Dry eye and dry mouth.

3 multiple choice options