mmw module 1 1st sem prelims

Symmetry

is harmony or beauty of form that results from balanced proportions.

Bilateral or Mirror Symmetry

a symmetry in which the left and right sides of the organism can be divided into approximately mirror image of each other along the midline.

Radial Symmetry

is rotational symmetry around a fixed point (center) which can be classified as either cyclic or dihedral .

Fractals

is defined as a curve or geometric figure, each part of which has the same statistical character as the whole. are never ending patterns because it repeats at different scales.

Spirals

is a curved pattern that focuses on a center point and a series of circular shapes that revolve around it

Fibonacci sequence

is the sequence of numbers which the next term is found by adding the previous two terms, starting from 0 and 1

34

sunflower seed head number of spirals (clockwise)

21

sunflower seed head number of spirals (counter clockwise)

GOLDEN RATIO

is the relationship between two or more elements.

Golden rectangle

can be broken down into squares the size of the next Fibonacci number down and below

Mathematics

is used directly or indirectly in various fields. The application of mathematical methods in different fields such as science, engineering, business, computer science and industry is a combination of mathematical science and specialized knowledge.

In Information Technology

we all know that through the help of mathematics, the modern computer are invented. Development of formal mathematical theories related to the development of computer science is an important area of applications of mathematics includes logic, relations, functions, basic set theory, counting techniques, graph theory, combinatorics, discrete probability, recursion, recurrence relations and number theory, computer- oriented numerical analysis and Operation Research techniques.

In fluid dynamics

numerical analysis is used by the engineers to analyze the phenomena involving heat, electricity and magnetism, relativistic mechanics, quantum mechanics and other theoretical constructs.

Cryptography

s a combination of both mathematics and computer science and is closely associated with information theory, computer security and engineering. Its applications is present in technologically advanced societies, examples include the security of ATM cards, computer passwords and electronic commerce.

archaeology

mathematics is also applied becuase a variety of mathematical and statistical techniques is used by archaeologists to interpret the data from archaeological surveys and try to find patterns to shed on past human behavior and in carbon dating artifacts

In Social Sciences

make wide extent to the use of mathematical models, as well as using the tools of calculus, probability, game theory, and network theory.

Economics

mathematics is being applied. Mathematics such as matrices, probability and statistics are used. The models may be probabilistic or deterministic, linear or non-linear, static or dynamic, continuous or discrete and all types of algebraic, differential and integral equations arise for the solution of these models

political Science,

we all know that there will be no elections if there is no mathematics. Because political analysts study past election results to see changes in voting patterns and also the impact of various factors on voting behavior or switching of votes among political parties and mathematical models for Conflict Resolution using Game Theory and Statistics.

In music and arts

mathematics is also being applied. All music notes which gives rhythm is the result of innumerable permutations and combinations. Music theorists also applies set theory, abstract algebra , and number theory to understand musical structure and communicate new ways of hearing music.