A&P Ch 15 StudyMate Neural Integration

adaptation

term used to describe the phenomenon where receptors stop sending action potentials when continuously stimulated

anterior gray horn

location of the lower motor neuron soma in the pyramidal pathway

basal nuclei

parts of the cerebrum (part of the extrapyramidal system) that control patterns of movement

cerebellum

part of the brain where proprioceptive impulses end to facilitate equilibrium

crude touch, pressure

modalities carried by the anterior spinothalamic tract

decussation of pyramids (medulla)

place where 85% of the axons cross over to the opposite side in the pyramidal pathway

dorsal root ganglion

location of the first-order neuron (soma) in a sensory pathway

extrapyramidal (medial and lateral pathways)

motor centers of the brain that control muscle tone are part of this system in the brain

flaccid

type of paralysis seen when the lower motor neuron of the pyramidal pathway is damaged

ganglion

bundle of cell bodies in the PNS

Golgi tendon organ

the proprioceptor that detects muscle contraction

gray

the color of a nucleus in the brain

hair root plexus

touch receptor located around a hair follicle

hand, face, tongue

parts of the body that have a large representation on the motor homunculus of the precentral gyrus

mechanoreceptor

general name for a receptor that sends an action potential when it is deformed

medulla oblongata

location of the second-order neuron (soma) in the posterior columns pathway

Meissner (tactile corpuscle)

touch receptor found in the dermis

Merkel (tactile disc)

touch receptor located in the epidermis

muscle spindle

the proprioceptor that can detect muscle stretch

nerve

term for a bundle of axons in the PNS

nociceptor

another term for a pain receptor

nucleus

bundle of cell bodies in the CNS

Pacinian (lamellated)

touch receptor found deep in the dermis

pain, temperature

modalities carried by the lateral spinothalamic tract

posterior columns

tract that carries impulses that allow you to localize the exact point of touch

posterior columns

tract that carries impulses for vibration and proprioception

posterior gray horn

location of the second-order neuron (soma) in the spinothalamic pathway

precentral gyrus

location of the upper motor neuron soma in the pyramidal pathway

proprioception

the general term for knowing where body parts are at a given time

punctate distribution

term used to describe the uneven distribution of receptors in the skin

pyramidal cell

triangular-shaped cell in the precentral gyrus

pyramidal system (direct)

another name for the corticospinal pathway (from the precentral gyrus)

referred pain

phenomenon where pain is felt in a different part of the body than where the pain originated

second-order neuron

which of the three neurons in the spinothalamic pathway crosses over to the opposite side

sensory pathway

a pathway from the receptor to the postcentral gyrus must be this type of pathway

taste bud

name a chemoreceptor found in the mouth

thalamus

place where the spinothalamic tract ends

thalamus

location of the third -order neuron (soma) in the spinothalamic pathway

three

the general number of neurons in a sensory pathway

tract

bundle of axons in the CNS

two

number of neurons in the corticospinal pathway

unipolar

shape of the first-order neuron (soma) in a sensory pathway