ORAL COMMUNICATION GRADE 11

Communication

sharing of meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues.

Non-verbal communication

spontaneous and unstructured

non-verbal

eye gaze

haptics

touch

proxemics

Space

paralinguistics

tone

verbal communication

rule-specific, almost always planned

Culturally diverse

both verbal and non-verbal communication are ________

Idea

thinking or conceptualizing

transmission

sending of the idea to the reciever

encoding

the sender transforms the idea into something recognizable

decoding

the receiver tries to process whatever the message meant

feedback

responding

recieving

hearing and/or getting the message

Message

an idea that a person desires to share with another human being

channel

how the sender transmits the message to the recipient

feedback

the behavioral response of the reciever

sender

the one who initiates the communication

context

a situation where the elements of the process work in a dynamic interrelation

receiver

gets the message channeled by the source of information

Noise

any interference in the communication process

appearance

what a person processes or wears

eye gaze

movement of the eyes

haptics

the different meanings that we associate with the way people touch

verbal communication

rule-specific

gestures

different actions like shaking of hands

proxemics

the distance between the sender and receiver

paralinguistics

how messages are said including tone, intonation etc.

Shannon-Weaver model

noise only affects the channel in this model

aristotelian

a model for public communication

schramm

this model looks like a venn diagram which signifies the field of experience

lasswell

a linear model that uses the different WH question words

barlund

noise affects everything including the sender and receiver in this model

berlo

a linear model where the sender and receiver have the same characteristics

information

to ideas based on facts,figures,statistics and other reliable sources

emotional expression

to appeal to the emotions of other people

social interaction

to form bonds with other people

regulation/control

to manage ones behavior or because we want them to do things as we please

motivation

to persuade, convince or inspire others

Poor listening

people listen only to what is relevant to them

Cultural differences

What is acceptable to one may not be acceptable to another

Physical distractions

The success of receiving a message may depend on the environment and the medium

Perception and language

Reality and language may vary depending on the person on the meaning respectively

Incorrect filtering

Information may be twice or thrice removed from the truth

Information overload

Too much of something may not always yield a positive result

Emotional interference

Emotions get in the way of what we want to say

Corporate cultural differences

Cultural differences between companies

Concepts of time

Differences in the value of time

Cultural Context

Differences in how meaning is conveyed

Social Values

Refers to a group's expectations from its people

Behavior and Manners

Differences in the concept of what is rude and polite

Decision-making customs

Differences in length of time spent to come up with a decision

Roles and Status

Differences in how people contribute to the society

Gestures and Body Language

Differences in non-verbal meanings

Personal Space

Differences in proximity when communicating

Integration

Individuals start to go beyond their own cultures and see themselves and their actions based on multifarious cultural vieewpoints

Minimization

Although individuals see cultural differences, they bank more on the universality of ideas rather than on cultural differences

Adaptation

The individual is very open to world views when accepting new perspectives

Defense

The individual starts to recognize cultural differences and is intimidated by them, resulting in either a superior view on own culture or an unjustified high regard for the new one

Denial

The individual does not recognize cultural differences

Acceptance

The individual begins to appreciate important cultural differences in behaviors and eventually in values

Interpersonal

This type of communication happens when the sender and the receiver are two different persons

Intrapersonal

This type of communication happens when the same person acts as both sender and receiver of the message

Public Communication

This type of communication happens when there is one sender giving a message to a large group of receivers

Mass Communication

This type of communication takes place through television,radio,newspapers,magazines,books,billboards,internet and other types of media.

Group Communication

This type of communication happens when there are more than one sender and receiver interacting with one another

Controlling

Dominated the discussion

Egalitarian

Not only willingly gives information, but allows others to do the same

Withdrawing

Does not want to have anything to do with the group

Structuring

Sees to it that all members follow a systematic way of doing things

Relinquishing

Gives way to avoid conflict

Clarity

It is essential to clearly state a message to avoid misinterpretations

Ethics

Words should be carefully chosen in consideration of the gender, roles, ethnicity, preferences and status of the person

Appropriateness

The language that you should use be appropriate to the environment or occasion

Vividness

Words that vividly or creatively describe things or feelings

Brevity

Use of simple yet precise and powerful words