Human Body Systems and Anatomy

Integumentary System

Includes skin, hair, and nails.

Skeletal System

Composed of bones.

Muscular System

Consists of muscles.

Nervous System

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Endocrine System

Composed of glands such as the thyroid and adrenal.

Cardiovascular System

Consists of the heart and blood vessels.

Lymphatic / Immune System

Includes lymph nodes and the spleen.

Respiratory System

Composed of the lungs and trachea.

Digestive System

Includes the stomach and intestines.

Urinary System

Comprises the kidneys and bladder.

Reproductive System

Includes ovaries/testes and uterus.

Superior

Directional term meaning up.

Inferior

Directional term meaning down.

Anterior

Directional term meaning front.

Posterior

Directional term meaning back.

Medial

Directional term meaning toward midline.

Lateral

Directional term meaning away from midline.

Proximal

Directional term meaning near to attachment.

Distal

Directional term meaning far from attachment.

Superficial

Directional term meaning near to the surface.

Deep

Directional term meaning far from the surface.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right sections.

Frontal Plane (coronal)

Divides the body into front and back sections.

Transverse Plane (horizontal)

Divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Oblique Plane

A diagonal cut through the body.

Cranial Cavity

Space within the skull.

Spinal Cavity

Encloses the spinal cord.

Thoracic Cavity

Contains the heart and lungs.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains abdominal and pelvic organs.

Pleura

Serous membrane surrounding the lungs.

Pericardium

Serous membrane surrounding the heart.

Peritoneum

Serous membrane surrounding abdominal organs.

RUQ

Right Upper Quadrant in abdominal region.

LUQ

Left Upper Quadrant in abdominal region.

RLQ

Right Lower Quadrant in abdominal region.

LLQ

Left Lower Quadrant in abdominal region.

Right Hypochondriac Region

Upper abdominal region.

Epigastric Region

Middle upper abdominal region.

Left Hypochondriac Region

Upper left abdominal region.

Right Lumbar Region

Middle right abdominal region.

Umbilical Region

Middle central abdominal region.

Left Lumbar Region

Middle left abdominal region.

Right Iliac (inguinal) Region

Lower right abdominal region.

Hypogastric Region