Periodic Table

Isotype definition

Atoms with the same amount of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Relative charge and mass of a proton

RC= +1 RM= 1

Relative charge and mass of a neutron

RC= 0 RM= 1

Relative charge and mass of electron

RC=-1 RM=0

How to find the number of protons?

Use atomic number- bottom of symbol

What did Dalton discover?

solid sphere- atom

What did Thompson discover?

plum pudding- electron

What did Rutherford discover?

nucleus- positive nucleus surrounded electrons

What did Chadwick discover?

neutron- planetary model- electrons orbit

What was the periodic table first ordered by?

Mendeleev- atomic mass and chemical properties- predicted not discovered elements

Properties of metals

High density, strong, malleable, good heat and electricity conduction

• group 1, react with water to create alkaline solution and hydrogen, react with oxygen to create oxide, reacts with chlorine to form white precipitate

Properties of non-metals

Low density, weak, brittle, poor conductors of heat and electricity

• group 7 (halogens)

• react with metal to form halide ions -1 charge

• reactivity decreases down- more reactive halogen can displace less reactive in an aqueous solution of its salt

  • chlorine will displace bromine in potassium bromine

Trends as you go down group 1

• Melting point decreases

• Density increases

• Reactivity increases

Trends as you go down group 7

• Melting point increases

• Density increases

• Reactivity decreases

Trends as you go down the noble gases

• Melting point increases

• Density increases

• NO REACTIVITY

How is chromatography used as a separation technique?

Used to separate a mixture of dyes in ink

How is filtration used as a separation technique?

Used to separate insoluble solids from liquids

How is evaporation used as a separation technique?

Used to separate a soluble salt from solution. Solution heated strongly in evaporating basin till dry crystals are left

How is crystallisation used as a separation technique?

Separate soluble salt from solution. Solution heated gently in evaporating basin till crystals form

How is simple distillation used as a separation technique?

Separate liquid from solution- condenser used to cool hot gas till forms a liquid

How is fractional distillation used as a separation technique?

Used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points