FSC-342 - HACCP History Part 2

What year was the USDA Meat & Poultry HACCP Final Rule published?

1996.

How was the USDA Meat & Poultry HACCP effective date implemented?

Phased in based on establishment size.

What regulations govern USDA Meat & Poultry HACCP and sanitation?

9 CFR part 417 (HACCP) and 9 CFR part 416 (Sanitation).

How are USDA-regulated establishments inspected?

They are under continuous inspection when processing amenable species.

How are FDA-regulated meat/poultry facilities inspected?

They receive periodic inspection.

What are amenable species under USDA?

Cattle, pigs, ducks, turkeys, goats.

What are nonamenable species under FDA?

Deer, rabbit, and products with less than 2% cooked meat/poultry.

What do USDA performance standards define?

Objectives that must be achieved without prescribing methods.

What is the USDA lethality standard for RTE meat/poultry?

A 6.5- or 7-log reduction of Salmonella (Appendix A).

What is the USDA stabilization standard?

No growth of C. botulinum and no more than 1-log growth of C. perfringens (Appendix B).

What year was the FDA Seafood HACCP Final Rule published?

1995.

What is the regulation for Seafood HACCP?

21 CFR part 123.

When did Seafood HACCP become effective?

December 1997.

Who must follow Seafood HACCP regulations?

Any processor engaged in commercial, custom, or institutional processing of fish/fishery products.

What activities count as “processing” under Seafood HACCP?

Handling, storing, freezing, eviscerating, manufacturing, packing, unloading, holding.

What activities are exempt from Seafood HACCP?

Harvesting/transport without processing, preparing fish for holding on harvest vessels, retail operations.

What must every seafood processor conduct?

A hazard analysis for hazards reasonably likely to occur.

When is a written Seafood HACCP plan required?

When the hazard analysis identifies one or more significant hazards.

Are written SSOPs required for Seafood HACCP?

No, they are recommended but not mandatory.

What are the eight SSOP areas under Seafood HACCP?

Water safety, food-contact surface cleanliness, cross-contamination prevention, hand/toilet facility maintenance, protection from adulteration, toxic compound control, employee health, pest exclusion.

What year was the FDA Juice HACCP Final Rule published?

2001.

What is the regulation for Juice HACCP?

21 CFR part 120.

Who must comply with Juice HACCP?

Domestic processors, foreign processors, and importers.

What activities are exempt from Juice HACCP?

Harvest/transport of raw ingredients and retail operations.

Which products are covered by Juice HACCP?

100% juice beverages and 100% juice ingredients.

Which products are NOT covered by Juice HACCP?

Beverages with a juice ingredient, foods with juice ingredients, citrus oil, etc.

What performance standard must juice processors meet?

A 5-log reduction of the pertinent pathogen.

How must the 5-log reduction be applied?

It must be applied directly to the juice.

What is the citrus exception under Juice HACCP?

Citrus processors may use surface fruit treatments to achieve the 5-log reduction.

What are the SSOP requirements for Juice HACCP?

Mandatory monitoring and record keeping of all SSOP areas, plus mandatory corrections.

What labeling is required for unpasteurized juice?

A warning statement about harmful bacteria and risk to vulnerable groups.

What does FSMA cover?

Most foods through Preventive Controls.

What did FSMA introduce related to hazard control?

HARPC (Hazard Analysis and Risk-Based Preventive Controls).

How do HARPC preliminary steps differ from HACCP?

Under HARPC they are recommended, not required.

How does HARPC define hazards differently?

It includes a broader range such as radiological hazards.

How do preventive controls differ from CCPs?

They can be required at points other than Critical Control Points.

Are critical limits required for all preventive controls?

No, not under HARPC.

What are Preventive Controls under FSMA?

Risk-based procedures used to significantly minimize or prevent hazards based on scientific understanding.