Phonics exam

a lax vowel sound found in closed syllables

What does “short vowel” typically refer to in instruction?

th

Which of the following is a consonant digraph?

vowels, consonants, and blends.

There are more phonemes than ________________.

hold the pencil between thumb and index finger with the middle finger supporting

Which example best illustrates the tripod pencil grip?

multiple letters can represent the same sound and vice versa

Which best describes the relationship between letters and phonemes in English?

oi, ou, ow

what vowels teams are also dipthongs

onset = /sp/ and rime = /end/

In the word spend, what are the onset and rime?

breve (˘)

Which diacritic marks a short vowel?

CV

Which of the following patterns has a long vowel?

historical spelling conventions add a final silent “e” after v

Why do English words rarely end in the letter <v> as a base form?

a specific learning disability

How is dyslexia classified in terms of origin?

to enable accurate manipulation of individual sounds for decoding and encoding.

The primary aim of phonemic awareness instruction is

either an s, l or an r

Most initial blends have

explicit, multisensory, structured phonics instruction

What does the Orton-Gillingham approach emphasize in effective instruction?

developing consistent motor patterns for letter shapes

When teaching letter formation, what skill should precede a focus on neatness?

that they understand that marks can represent words and ideas

What does early emergent writing typically reveal about a child?

rhyme is about similar sounds; rime refers to the vowel and following letters within a word

How do rhyme and rime differ in literacy instruction?

Simpler - Rhyme, Alliteration, Sentence Segmentation, Syllable Segmentation, Compound Words, Onset & Rime, Phonemic Awareness - more complex.

Put the types of Phonological Awareness skills in order.

g as in bag

Which spelling does NOT include a short vowel before a /j/ sound at word's end?

whether the vocal cords vibrate during articulation

What always determines whether a consonant is voiced or unvoiced?

a vowel pronounced together with a following consonant as a unit

What is a “glued sound”?

they are the written symbols that represent phonemes

Why are graphemes important in phonics instruction?

Simpler - Isolation, Blending, Segmentation, Addition, Deletion, Substitution - Complex

Put the phonemic awareness skills in order.

–ay as in play

Which grapheme cluster commonly signals a final long /ā/ sound in English words?

a neurologically based reading difficulty affecting word recognition and decoding

Which statement matches the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) definition of dyslexia?

19

Approximately how many vowel phonemes does English have?

rhyming words

Which phonological awareness skill occurs first?

difficulty mapping letters to sounds

What early sign commonly appears in children with dyslexia?

before i or e to keep the /k/ sound

When should “k” be used instead of “c” for /k/ according to common spelling rules?

repeated practice beyond seven exposures to secure long-term memory

What does “overlearning” mean in the context of dyslexia intervention?v

3

How many consonants are in the word heart?

strengthens the link between symbol, sound, and motor pattern

What is one cognitive benefit of regular handwriting practice?

the vowel in “apple” gives a clearer pure short /ă/ sound

Why should “apple” be used as an anchor image for short /a/ instead of “ant”?

un

not

re

back/again

dis

out of

in

in/into/not

mis

incorrect

a

not/without

fore

in front/before

de

from/off

pre

before/in front

en

in/within

sub

under/beneath

inter

between

trans

across

super

above/over

semi

half/partly

anti

against/opposite

rules for adding a suffix

e drop, y change, just add, doubling.

id

comes after a t or a d

d

comes after a voiced consonant

t

comes after unvoiced consonant

just add

words that contain vowel team or end in multiple consonants

doubling

words with a single short vowel followed by one consonant

assimilated prefix

the last sound of the prefix blends with the first sound of the root for ease of pronunciation

assimilated prefix examples

ad, con, dis, ex, in, ob, sub.