Dance Science: Hip and Pelvis Anatomy and Kinesiology

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Dance Science lecture on hip and pelvis anatomy and kinesiology.

Femur

Thigh bone that connects to the acetabulum of the pelvis.

Ilium

Largest bone of the pelvis, contributes to the structure of the hip.

Ischium

Part of the pelvis that contributes to the structure and supports the body while sitting.

Pubis

The anterior part of the pelvis where the two sides connect at the pubic symphysis.

Acetabulum

The socket of the pelvis that holds the head of the femur.

Innominate bone

The fused structure of the ilium, ischium, and pubis that forms a side of the pelvis.

Hip joint

A ball and socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum.

Pelvis joints

Fixed joints in the pelvis that do not allow movement between the three bones.

Hip flexion

The motion where the femur moves anteriorly, bringing the thigh closer to the trunk.

Hip extension

The motion where the femur moves posteriorly, taking the thigh away from the trunk.

Hip abduction

The motion where the femur moves laterally away from the midline of the body.

Hip adduction

The motion where the femur moves medially or past the neutral position towards the midline.

Hip external rotation

The motion where the femur rotates outward away from the midline.

Hip internal rotation

The motion where the femur rotates inward towards the midline.

Anterior pelvic tilt

A motion where the tailbone sticks out posteriorly, arching the back.

Posterior pelvic tilt

A motion where the tailbone tucks underneath, flattening the back.

Iliac crest

The superior aspect of the waist located on the ilium.

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

The bony prominence at the front of the pelvis.

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

The pointy bones on the back of the pelvis, used as landmarks.

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Inferior to the ASIS; muscle attachment site.

Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

Inferior to the PSIS; muscle attachment site.

Internal iliac fossa

Depressed area of the ilium for hip flexor muscle attachment.

External iliac fossa

Connection site for gluteal muscles on the posterior ilium.

Gluteal lines

Lines on the ilium connecting to different gluteal muscles.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ)

Joint connecting the ilium to the sacrum.

Ischial ramus

Part of the ischium that cannot be palpated.

Ischial spine

A small projection on the ischium that serves as a muscle attachment site.

Ischial tuberosity

Known as the Sitz bones; provide attachment for muscles.

Pubic symphysis

The joint where the two pubic bones connect anteriorly.

Pubic crest

The ridge located lateral to the pubic symphysis.

Superior pubic ramus

The upper ramus of the pubis that is not expected to be palpated.

Inferior pubic ramus

The lower ramus of the pubis that is not expected to be palpated.

Obturator foramen

A large opening in the pelvis formed by the pubis and ischium.

Head of the femur

The ball-shaped upper end of the femur fitting into the acetabulum.

Neck of the femur

The narrow section connecting the head of the femur to the shaft.

Greater Trochanter

A large lateral prominence on the femur; crucial for muscle attachment.

Lesser Trochanter

A smaller medial prominence on the femur; not easily palpable.

Stability versus Mobility

The relationship between joint stability and range of motion; usually inversely related.

Stability

The ability of a joint to remain in proper alignment during movement.

Mobility

The range of motion achievable at a joint influenced by muscular attachments.

Labrum

Fibrocartilage ring that deepens the acetabulum enhancing joint stability.

Hip Flexion range

Full hip flexion is 120 degrees, bringing the knee to the abdomen.

Limitations of Hip Flexion

Can be limited by tightness of gluteals or impingements.

Hip Extension range

Full extension is 10 to 20 degrees; less than expected.

Limitations of Hip Extension

Can be limited by anterior ligaments or hip flexors.

Hip Abduction range

Full abduction is 45 degrees parallel.

Hip Adduction range

Full adduction is 20-30 degrees past midline.

Limitations of Hip Adduction

Limited by the other leg or hip capsule.

Hip External Rotation range

Full external rotation is 45 degrees with an average of 34-58 degrees.

Limitations of Hip External Rotation

Restricted by hip musculature and capsule.

Hip Internal Rotation range

Full internal rotation is 45 degrees; expected is 30-40 degrees.

Limitations of Hip Internal Rotation

Limited by hip musculature and capsule.

Hip Anteversion

A condition where the femur is rotated inward, affecting external rotation.

Hip Retroversion

Less than normal anteversion angle resulting in out-toeing.

Pubofemoral ligament

Ligament that restricts abduction, extension, and external rotation.

Ischiofemoral ligament

Posterior ligament that restricts internal rotation.

Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament)

An anterior ligament reinforcing the joint capsule; restricts extension.

Tibial Torsion

The rotational alignment of the tibial shaft, impacting knee and foot alignment.

Excessive tibial torsion

Patellar alignment medial to the second metatarsal.

Internal tibial torsion

Patellar alignment lateral to the second metatarsal.

Bony congruency

The fit and alignment of bones at a joint that provides stability.

Three degrees of freedom

The range of unique movements a joint can perform.

Hip muscle attachments

Various muscles attached to the hip and pelvis that facilitate movement.

Pain management

Methods to alleviate discomfort resulting from restrictions in hip motion.

Muscle imbalances

Discrepancies in muscle strength around the hip affecting stability.

Dynamic movement

Movement that requires stability and agility in the hip joints.

Pelvic landmarks

Specific areas on the pelvis used for anatomical reference.

Joint capsule

The fibrous tissue surrounding a joint, providing stability.

Force couple

The coordinated action of muscles to produce movement around a joint.

Anatomical position

The standard position of reference in anatomy for describing locations of body parts.

Functional anatomy

The study of the structure and function of the body's system in relation to movement.

Mobility drills

Exercises designed to improve range of motion and flexibility in joints.

Stability exercises

Strength training focusing on maintaining control over joint positions.

Palpation skills

Techniques used to examine parts of the body through touch.

Muscle attachment points

Specific places where muscles connect to bone, affecting movement.

Posture alignment

The way the body is positioned in relation to gravity and support during movement.

Movement patterns

Common ways the body moves based on joint mechanics and muscle action.

Movement efficiency

The capability of performing movement with minimal energy expenditure.

Hip anatomy

The structure and function of the hip joint and surrounding tissues.

Pelvic structure

The arrangement of bones and tissues within the pelvic region.

Training implications

The considerations for training techniques and rehabilitation based on hip anatomy.