Studied by 3 peopleorganic compounds
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
Elements in macromolecules
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, (sulfur)
Monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Polymerization
a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer
dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Carbohydrates (elements)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)
carbohydrate monomer
monosaccharide (Ex: glucose)
Carbohydrate dimer
disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
carbohydrate polymer
polysaccharide (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
Carbohydrate function in the body
immediate energy source, short term storage
Carbohydrate food sources
Breads, Cereals, Pasta, Rice, Potato's and Bananas
Saccharides
sugars
starch
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
Cellulose
Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls
Glycogen
storage form of glucose in animals
Lipids elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Lipids examples
fats, oils, waxes
Lipids function
long term energy storage, cell membrane, insulation
Lipid monomer
glycerol and fatty acids
Carbohydrate bond
glycosidic bond
Lipids Bond Type
ester bond
saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Protein elements
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Protein examples
hemoglobin, enzymes, insulin, muscles, nails, hair
protein functions
structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances
Protein monomer
amino acids
Protein bond
peptide bond
Lipids in food
butter, oil
Proteins food sources
nuts, meat, milk, cheese
Enzymes
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
nucleic acids example
DNA and RNA
nucleic acid function
store and transmit genetic information
nucleic acid monomer
nucleotide
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleic acid bond
phosphodiester bond
Note
Flashcard