RMS Macromolecules Test

Magnet 9 Bio

organic compounds

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

Elements in macromolecules

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, (sulfur)

Monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

Polymerization

a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Carbohydrates (elements)

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)

carbohydrate monomer

monosaccharide (Ex: glucose)

Carbohydrate dimer

disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose)

carbohydrate polymer

polysaccharide (starch, cellulose, glycogen)

Carbohydrate function in the body

immediate energy source, short term storage

Carbohydrate food sources

Breads, Cereals, Pasta, Rice, Potato's and Bananas

Saccharides

sugars

starch

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.

Cellulose

Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls

Glycogen

storage form of glucose in animals

Lipids elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Lipids examples

fats, oils, waxes

Lipids function

long term energy storage, cell membrane, insulation

Lipid monomer

glycerol and fatty acids

Carbohydrate bond

glycosidic bond

Lipids Bond Type

ester bond

saturated fatty acid

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.

unsaturated fatty acid

A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.

Protein elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Protein examples

hemoglobin, enzymes, insulin, muscles, nails, hair

protein functions

structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances

Protein monomer

amino acids

Protein bond

peptide bond

Lipids in food

butter, oil

Proteins food sources

nuts, meat, milk, cheese

Enzymes

Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

nucleic acids example

DNA and RNA

nucleic acid function

store and transmit genetic information

nucleic acid monomer

nucleotide

Nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

nucleic acid bond

phosphodiester bond