MYP Physics 10 Measurement Unit Review

Time taken for one complete cycle of motion.

Period

The L shaped looking graph (A picture that shows an object's position at different times)

Motion Diagram/Position-Time Graph

Fixed reference point

Origin

The location of an object at a specific time (described relative to a reference point)

Position

How much ground an object has covered, no direction needed

Distance

The size or amount of something (like speed, without direction)

Magnitude

Quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction

Vector

A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude, meaning its size or numerical value

Scalar

The vector sum of two or more vectors

Resultant

Δt is the duration between two specific points in time

Time interval

How far and in what direction an object has moved from its starting point

Displacement

A graph that shows how position changes with time

Position time graph

Where an object is at one specific moment

Instantaneous position

Total distance divided by total time taken. (S=(D/T)

Average speed

The exact velocity of an object at a specific instant in time

Instantaneous velocity

MKS (Meter, Kilogram, Second)

Base units

insert

Metric Prefixes

How close a measurement is to the true value

Accuracy

How detailed or consistent the measurements are, the more decimal points, the more precise

Precision

Small unpredictable changes in a measurement (like timing slightly differently each time)

Random error

A consistent error caused by faulty equipment or bias (like a scale that's always 2 kg too heavy)

Systematic Error

(Range/2)

Uncertainty

Answer is rounded to the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places

Rules of significant digits (Addition)(Subtraction)

Answer has the same number of significant digits as the number with the fewest sig figs

Rules of significant digits (Multiplication)(Division)

The force that keeps something moving in a circle (pulls toward the center)

Centripetal force

A change in velocity (speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction)

Acceleration

The acceleration of an object at one exact moment

Instantaneous acceleration

(9.8m/s) When something falls with only gravity acting on it (no air resistance)

Free fall

Total change in velocity divided by total time ((Vf-Vi)/Tf-Ti)

Average acceleration

Motion where the speed or direction changes

Non-uniform motion

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line

Uniform motion

The L shaped looking graph (A picture that shows an object's position at different times)

Motion Diagram

Fixed reference point

Origin

The location of an object at a specific time (described relative to a reference point)

Position

How much ground an object has covered, no direction needed

Distance

The size or amount of something (like speed, without direction)

Magnitude

Quantity that has both magnitude (size) and direction

Vector

A physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude, meaning its size or numerical value

Scalar

The vector sum of two or more vectors

Resultant

Δt is the duration between two specific points in time

Time interval

How far and in what direction an object has moved from its starting point

Displacement

A graph that shows how position changes with time

Position time graph

Where an object is at one specific moment

Instantaneous position

Total distance divided by total time taken. (S=(D/T)

Average speed

The exact velocity of an object at a specific instant in time

Instantaneous velocity

MKS (Meter, Kilogram, Second)

Base units

insert

Metric Prefixes

How close a measurement is to the true value

Accuracy

How detailed or consistent the measurements are, the more decimal points, the more precise

Precision

Small unpredictable changes in a measurement (like timing slightly differently each time)

Random error

A consistent error caused by faulty equipment or bias (like a scale that's always 2 kg too heavy)

Systematic Error

(Range/2)

Uncertainty

Answer is rounded to the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places

Rules of significant digits (Addition)(Subtraction)

Answer has the same number of significant digits as the number with the fewest sig figs

Rules of significant digits (Multiplication)(Division)

The force that keeps something moving in a circle (pulls toward the center)

Centripetal force

A change in velocity (speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction)

Acceleration

The acceleration of an object at one exact moment

Instantaneous acceleration

(9.8m/s) When something falls with only gravity acting on it (no air resistance)

Free fall

Total change in velocity divided by total time ((Vi-Vf)/T)

Average acceleration

Motion where the speed or direction changes

Non-uniform motion

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line

Uniform motion

An object will stay at rest or move at a constant speed unless a net force acts on it (Law of Inertia)

Newton's First Law

Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma); acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Newton's Second Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's Third Law

The fastest speed an object reaches when falling

Terminal Velocity

A push or pull on an object

Force

The amount of matter in an object; not the same as weight

Mass

When all forces cancel out and the object is either still or moving at constant speed (no acceleration)

Equilibrium

The force that pulls objects toward each other, especially toward Earth

Gravity

A force applied over time that changes an object's momentum (Impulse=Force × Time)

Impulse

How much motion an object has (Momentum = Mass × Velocity).

Momentum

An object's resistance to change in motion; depends on its mass

Inertia

Total momentum stays the same in a closed system, unless outside forces act

Law of Conservation of Momentum

Regular momentum in a straight line (not rotational).

Linear Momentum

Impulse equals the change in momentum (I = Force × Time = Change in Momentum).

Impulse-Momentum Theorem