IFR oral

Instrument License requirements

At least 50 xc pic hours

40 instrument hours simulated or actual

Min 15 hours with cfii

1 xc flight of 250 nm

3 instrument hours in last 60 days

First thing to do if enter a thunder storm

Turn brightness on avionics all the way up

How far away to fly from thunderstorms

20 miles

Personal documents needed to have on you in the plane

Pilot certificate, medical, photo id or passport, Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Permit (For flights

outside the US)

When is an instrument rating required

On an IFR flight plan

In class A airspace

In weather less than VFR

Under special VFR in b,c,d and e surface areas between sunset and sunrise

Recency requirements for IFR

6 months

6 approaches

Holds

Intercepting

Tracking courses

Instrument systems

3 takeoff and landings in preceding 90 days (full stop at night)

Biannual flight review

What can be done to be instrument current again if you lose currency after 66 HITS

Must go up with a safety pilot in simulated IFR only to get 66 HITS current again

What happens after 6 month period past 66 HITS (12 months) and you do not get current

Must complete an Instrument proficiency check with an authorized person such as DPE, FAA approved airmen

Requirements of a safety pilot

Must have a current medical

Has PPL with same category and class

If flying IFR, safety pilot must have instrument rating

Privileges for having instrument rating

Act as PIC under IMC or special VFR

Can operate longer than 50 nm and night flights with commercial license

What counts to log an instrument approaches

If in IMC and break out on approach can count whenever out of IMC

If no IMC must use view limiting device down to minimums

Currency vs Proficiency

Legal vs safe

What can pilots do to ensure they maintain consistently safe and proficient

Have a set of personal minimums

Aircraft instruments needed for IFR flight

Generator Or alternator

Rate of turn coordinator

Altimeter

Ball/inclinometer

Clock

Attitude Indicator

Radios for nav

Directional gyro

ATOMATOFLAMES + FLAPS (for night)

Required tests/inspections for IFR flight

Annual Inspection

VOR check - 30 days

Inspections - annual and 100 hour

Altimeter and static check - 24 months

Transponder - 24 months

ELT - every 12 months, after 1 hour or 50% of its life

Supplement type certificates

What regulation must PIC be familiar with prior to each flight

NWKRAFT - 91.103

IFR flight plan regulation number

91.173

Careless/reckless flying of taking off in IMC in uncontrolled airspace reg

91.113

Fuel requirements regulation number

91.167

Fuel requirements in IFR conditions

Fuel from departure to destination

+ destination to farthest alternate

+ 45 minutes extra at normal cruise

Instrument fuel requirements in vfr conditions on instrument plan

Enough fuel to destination plus 45 minutes cruise time

Before conduction IFR flight using GPS equipment for navigation, what checks should be made

Verify GPS equipment is properly installed and certified,

Verify database currency

Review GPS NOTAMS and RAIM

Information along route of flight

Alternate requirement rules reg

91.169

Alternate requirements

0 - an instrument approach isn’t published for destination

1 - hour before and after eta

2 - ceiling at least 2,000 ft above apt elevation

3 - visibility at least 3 sm

(Need all in order for no alternate)

Min weather at alternate reg

91.169

Min weather required for alternate for precision approach

600 ft ceilings and 2 sm visibility

Min weather required for alternate for non precision approach

800 ft ceilings and 2 sm visibility

Min weather required for alternate if no instrument approach available

Ceiling and visibility must allow descent from MEA to approach and landing under VFR

Are portable electronic devices allowed on aircraft during IFR

No, exceptions are hearing aids, heart pacemakers, voice recorders

(Must not interfere with NAV/COM

Filing an alternate - GPS considerations with non-WAAS gps

Flight plan can have aGPS approach at destination or alternate but not both

Filing an alternate - GPS considerations with WAAS without baro-vnav gps

Flight plan may be filed based on LNAV or circling minimums at alternate

Filing an alternate - GPS considerations with WAAS with baro VNAV gps

Allowed for both destination and alternate

How often are GPS waypoint information updated and by who?

Every 28 days by National Flight Data Center (NFDC)

When must a pilot file an IFR flight plan

Prior to departure or entering controlled airspace is below VFR conditions

Must file 30 minutes prior to departure

What type of aircraft equipment is considered “special equipment” when filing IFR

RDTAAR

Radar beacon transponder

DME equipment

TACAN only equipment

Area nav equipment (RNAV)

Advanced GPS (global navigation satellite system GNSS)

Reduced vertical separation minimum RVSM authorization

When can you cancel IFR flight plan?

Anytime in VFR conditions outside of class A airspace

IFR cruising altitudes reg

91.179

IFR cruising altitudes below FL-290 0-179

Odd thousand feet

IFR cruising altitudes below FL-290 180-359

Even thousand

Take off minimums reg

91.175

Take off minimums T symbol in triangle

Non standard T/O min and DP

Take off minimums A symbol in triangle

Non-standard, IFR alternate mins exist

Take off minimums (A na) symbol in triangle

Alternate minimums not authorized

Departure procedure obstacle clearance

Crosses departure end of runway at least 35 agl

400 ft before turning

At least 200 FPNM or as published

2 types of DP

ODP

SID

Minimum IFR alternate reg

91.177

Min IFR alternate rules

Except T/O and landing, no one may operate IFR below…

Minimum altitudes prescribed for segment flown

Mountainous areas

Non mountainous areas

MEL reg

91.205

Different ways you can file IFR plan

Clearance delivery, ForeFlight, 1-800 WX Brief

do you need clearance to fly ODP

No, must automatically be complied with

Where are ODPs located

ForeFlight, chart supplements, terminal procedures publications

Hold altitudes and mac airspeeds

0-6k feet = <200 kts

6k-14k feet = <230 kts

14k + = <265 kts

Components of ILS

Glideslope

Localiser

Approach lighting

Marker beacons

Required IFR callouts and reports in radar controlled environment

Missed approach

Airspeed +- 10 kts

Reaching holding fix

Vacating altitude

ETA +- 2 minutes

Leaving holding fix

Outer marker

Unforecasted weather

Safety of flight

VFR on top

FAF inbound

Radio and nav failures

Compulsory reporting points

if unable to descend at 500 fpm

Required IFR callouts and reports in non radar controlled environments

Aircraft ID, position, time, altitude, type of flight plan, eta, and name of next fix, name of next points, remarks

Total electrical failiure run through

Fly plane

try to restore power

fly at MEA

Squawk 7700

Vectors

Non standard hold

Left turns

Standard holds

Right turns

Where is localiser in relation to runway

Opposite end

Where is ILS located in relation to the runway

1,000 feet down the runway

Full scale deflection over the runway threshold with a localiser

380 feet

WAAS abbreviation

Wide area augmentation system

What does WAAS do relative to RAIM

Provides correction signals to GPS to enhance accuracy and integrity

RAIM abbreviation

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

What does RAIM do

Checks the integrity of the GPS for potential errors

When you fly from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure without adjusting the Kollsman window, what will the altimeter indicate?

Higher than your true altitude (High to low look below)

On the airspeed indicator, what does the upper limit of the green arc represent?

VNO - maximum structural cruising speed

The ASI reading corrected for position (or installation) and instrument errors is called the:

Calibrated airspeed

Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSI) use a reference to magnetic north and do not generally need to be adjusted during flight due to Earth's rotation (like directional gyros do).

True

Descending below DA/MDA is discussed under which reg number?

91.175

How does LNAV work

Non WAAS GPS

What does a STAR do

En route structure to approach plate

Does the archer have anti icing or de-icing

Anti icing

What’s the difference between anti and de-icing

De-icing removes ice already formed, anti ice prevents ice from building

Min satellites RAIM needs

5 sats, 1-3 for 2d, 4th for 3d, and 5th for fault detection. (If 6th then used for exclusion)

AHRS

Attitude, heading, reference system

ADARHS

Air data and reference heading system

How long after low voltage sign will battery run out

Half hour to 1 hour

Lost comms procedure

AVEF, assigned route, vectored, expected, filed route (in order)

lost comms altitude

M.E.A - MEA, expected, assigned whichever is highest

Define Ceiling

Height AGL above Earth’s surface defined as obscured, broken, overcast but not thin or partial

What are preferred routes and where can they be found

Routs in high traffic areas that ATC designates to and from busy airports

Found in A/FD (airport facility directory)

What are enroute low altitude charts and how often are they revised

Maps that provide information for navigation for IFR flights under 18,000 ft MSL and revised every 56 days

What are high enroute altitude charts and how often are they revised

Provide information for IFR navigation above 18,000 ft MSL and revised every 56 days

What are area charts and how often are they revised

Show congested terminal areas at super busy airports (DFW, ATL) at a large scale and revised every 56 days

Where can you find information on possible nav aid limitations be found

NOTAMs and or A/FD

Required IFR reports for equipment malfunction in controlled airspace

VOR failure

GPS anomalies

Complete or partial loss of ILS receiver

Impairment of air/ground communication

Loss of any other equipment installed in the aircraft which may impair safety and ability to fly under IFR

What clearance items are given in an abbreviated IFR clearance

CRAFT

Clearance - to destination airport or fix

Route of flight

Altitude

Frequency

Transponder code

DP if airport has one

What does clearance void time mean

The time after which the IFR clearance is voided and the pilot must report intentions to ATC within 30 minutes

If not, search and rescue will undergo

Different methods and accuracy for VOR check

VOR test signal - ± 4 deg

Ground check - ± 4 deg

Airborne check - ± 6 deg

Dual VOR check - ± 4 deg

Selected radian over a known ground point - ± 6 deg

What to log after making VOR check

Date, place and bearing error, and sign

Where can pilot find location of airborne/ground checkpoints for VOR checks

A/FD (airport/facility director)

what does ALS, VASI, PAPI, & REIL stand for

ALS - approach lighting system

VASI - visual approach slope indicator

PAPI - precision approach path indicator

REIL - runway end identifier lights

What color are runway edge lights

White unless on instrument runway, yellow replaces white on the last 2000 ft/half of the runway

What colors and color combinations are standard airport rotating beacons

White/green - lighted land airport

White/yellow - lighted sea airport

2 white/green - military airport

What does rotating beacon operation during airport daylight hours mean

Means below VFR conditions under 1,000 ft ceilings and less than 3 sm visibility and must get clearance to takeoff and land

What are runway touchdown zone markings

Identify touchdown zone for landing

Provides distance information in 500 ft increments

What is RWSL

Runway status light system

Fully automated system that provides runway status to pilots and vehicles when unsafe to enter, cross, or takeoff from runway

On = lights illuminated red

Off = lights not illuminated

MEA, MOCA, MCA, MRA, MAA, OROCA

Minimum enroute altitude

Minimum Obstruction clearance altitude

Minimum Crossing altitude

Minimum Reception altitude

Maximum authorized altitude

Off route obstruction clearance altitude

What does the MEA signify

Minimum Enroute altitude ensures acceptable navigational signals and obstacle clearance