ap human geo unit 5

Ethnicity

Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.

Succession

Process by which new immigrants move to a city and take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups.

Queer theory

Theoretical perspective that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the social construction of gender and sexuality.

Dowry deaths

The murder or suicide of a bride caused by a dispute over the payment made to the groom's family.

Barrioization

The dramatic increase in the Hispanic population in a given neighborhood or barrio.

State

A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government, recognized by the international community.

Nation

A community of people with a shared past and a common future who relate to each other and share common political goals.

Nation-state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.

Sovereignty

The legal authority of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

Centripetal force

An attitude or force that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

Centrifugal force

An attitude or force that tends to divide people and decrease support for a state.

Shatterbelt

A region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals.

Unitary government

An internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials.

Federal government

An internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government.

Devolution

The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

Balkanization

The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

Gerrymandering

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

Reapportionment

The process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts every 10 years so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people.

Ratzel's organic theory

Geopolitical theory that states are like living organisms that require nourishment in the form of territory to survive.

Mackinder's heartland theory

Hypothesis that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.

Spykman's rimland theory

Theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia, or the rimland, would provide the base for world conquest.

Wallerstein's world-systems theory

Theory proposing that the world economy is a single system divided into a 3-tier hierarchy of core, semi-periphery, and periphery.

Supranational organization

A venture involving 3 or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives.