Geography Semester 1 Finals

What are the two types of locations?

Absolute Location and Relative Location

What is human-environment interaction? What are some examples of this?

• People learn to use the environment to meet their needs

•  Ex: hot, sunny climate near a body of water = some people treat this as a beach vacation, others see this as opportunity to grow oranges and grapes

What’s the difference between Weather vs Climate

• Weather- condition of a place at a certain time % location

• Climate- weather conditions of a place over a long period of time

Define a Cultural Hearth

A cultural hearth is when things like machines, ideas, and technology gets passed onto other cultures through cultural diffusion

Cultural Diffusion

• Spread of ideas, inventions, and behavior patterns 

Push Vs Pull factors

• Push factor- Causes people to migrate

• Pull factor- Attract people to come to that location

Culture

• The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed down by members of a specific group 

What’s the difference between Monotheistic vs Polytheistic vs Atheist?

• Monotheistic- One God

• Polytheistic- MORE than ONE God

• Athiest- Does NOT believe in a God or Anything

Which religion is the most followed in the world?

Christianity

Whats the difference between the two types of monarchy?

• Constitutional Monarchy- The ruler has to answer the written laws

• Absolute Monarchy- The ruler has all the power

Whats the difference between the two types of democracy?

• Representative Democracy- The people elect representatives to make the law

• Direct Democracy- The people vote on laws directly 

Traditional Economy

•  goods and services are traded without money (barter) and the culture determines the cost

Command Economy

• production of goods/services is determined by central government

Market economy

• production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers, and regulation laws (capitalism)

Mixed economy

•  A combo of command and market, so that all people will benefit

Why is Europe considered a “peninsula of peninsulas”

Because it is a piece of land that is almost surrounded by water but is connected to a mainland on one side

What’s the biggest farming region in Western Europe?

Northern European Plain

How did ancient Greek impact modern culture?

• Greek Science, Philosophy, Drama, and Art

What are the two things that the Roman Empire “spread” that influenced Europe?

• Christianity

• Hellenistic Culture 

What were the crusades?

• Christianity Vs Islam for Holy Land 

Feudalism

• Queens/Kings/Lords gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service 

The black plague and how it ended feudalism

• A deadly plague that killed Feudalism along with thousands of others causing Feudalism to collapse

When was Medieval Europe?

• The time from the fall of ancient Rome to the Renaissance (500AD to 1500AD)

What was the power the Roman Catholic Church had in Medieval Europe they used to punish people?

They could EXCOMMUNICATE (ban) people from the church

What was the Industrial Revolution? And how did it impact Europe?

• Industrial Revolution- When machines started taking over human jobs, mass production began. It caused Europe to improve in manufacturing, communication, and transportation.

• Caused mass pollution 

Why did WWI start?

• The World War 1 happened because empire countries had formed powerful alliances in preparation for dealing with their rival enemies.

How did the end of WWI eventually lead to WWII?

• Germany was blamed for World War 1 so they invaded Poland and France and Britain declared war on Germany

The Holocaust

• A mass murder that claimed about 11 million victims from the Nazi Army  about 6 million victims were Jewish Others included gypsies, political opponents, the disabled, minorities not of Nazi’s “master race”

What are the benefits for a country to be in the European Union?

Being able to trade and travel between member countries

Location of Latin America

• From Mexico down to the southern tips of south America

Why is Latin America called Latin America?

• Because of its main language being Portuguese and Spanish

How do a lot of people farm (agriculture) in Latin America due to the unique soil? And what are the impacts of these types of farming?

Terraced farming- growing crops on hillsides or mountain. Another technique is Slash and burn agriculture - cut down trees/brush/grass and burned debris to clear the field. This causes mass deforestation and leads the soil to become exhausted and no longer farmable

How do Latin American countries’ economies impact how they deal with natural disasters?

• They build resistant architectures to natural disasters and warning systems 

What are the three main ancient civilizations of Latin America?

• The Aztecs

• The Mayans

• The Incas

Why did the Spanish Colonialism began?

• They encouraged Christianity and wanted wealth to stand up to their European rivals.

What was the REALITY of the Spanish Encomienda System? 

• Forced Labor

• Class system that helped Spanish settlers have power over Native Americans 

Colombian exchange

• Introduced new disease, people, plants, and animals between the Americas and Europe/Africa/Asia

Who was the first Latin American country to earn its independence by revolting?

Haiti

What solution did the Panama Canal provide to Latin American countries?

Created a shorter route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

Cuba’s Independance story and how the U.S was involved

• Cuba earned independence in 1898 after Spanish-American war leading to America playing a heavy role on Cuba for the next 60 years. Fidel Castro overthrew the U.S.-backed gov. in 1959 and turned Cuba into a communist state.

What is the reason some countries in Latin America are still not politically stable today?

• Any Latin American countries with political instability today - it’s often because of the “legacy of colonization”

What is the most popular religion in Latin America?

Roman Catholic Religion

Banana Republic

•  a politically and economically unstable country that depends on the export of one specific resource for its income

What are the 4 borders of North America

• Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and Golf of Mexico 

What is the difference in location of the Rocky Mountains vs the Appalachian Mountains?

• Appalachian Mountains - on the eastern side, from Canada down to Alabama

• Rocky Mountains - on the western side, from Alaska down to New Mexico

Summarize the first people to reach North America. What are they called? How did they get there? What was their way of life?

• The first people to arrive were the Nomads and they came from the Bering Strait land bridge. They were hunters and gatherers, agriculture eventually led them to settle

What was the French and Indian War? What were its outcomes?

• The French & Indian war was a war between Britain and the French for land and trade. Britain won and it led to France giving up the land and future independence for 13 colonies from Britain.

Summarize the history of slavery in both the US and Canada. How are the histories different?

• In the U.S they used slaves but in Canada there were no slaves. 

The Great Migration

• A mass amount of African Americans moving from the South to the North for better living 

Social Darwinism and Manifest Destiny … which one is the reason American settlers moved West?

• Social Darwinism - belief that life consists of competitive struggles, and only the strongest peoples survive

• Manifest Destiny - America’s God-given right to settle the land from current east coast to new west coast

Why did many immigrants come to North America during the mid-1800s?

• Because of Political problems, religious discrimination, overcrowded homelands

What was the Industrial Revolution?

• When the world shifted from traditional farming & hand made production to machines and mass production

Know each country’s system of government, USA vs Canada.

• The U.S. is a federal democratic republic.

• Canada is a parliamentary democracy.

Know each country’s “law of the land,” USA vs Canada.

• USA = the Constitution

• Canada = the Charter of Rights and Freedoms

What was the cold war

• When the Soviet Union and the U.S had tension going on but nobody made a move. 

What was North America’s Impact on Modern culture?

• Hockey

• Lacrosse

• Jazz, Blues, Hip hop, Rock, and etc

• Major film producing

In order to adapt to the economic and social challenge of the size of its country, Russia built the WHAT to connect Moscow in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east?

Russia built the Trans-Siberian railroad

Who were Czars?

An Emporer of Russia

How did the Czars like Peter the Great impact the artistic culture of Russia?

He emphasized Europe modernism