Studied by 15 peopleinternational relations
connections b/w world governments and other actors and influences
collective goods problem
group benefit available to all regardless of individual contributions
dominance
proposed solution to CGP through hierarchy; can lead to resentment and oppression
reciprocity
proposed solution to CGP through mutualism; can become vengeful
identity
proposed solution to CGP shared interest of belonging/community; relies on self-sacrifice above self-interest
international security
issues of war and peace w/in IR
state
territorial entity controlled by sovereign gov
international system
relationships b/tw states
nation states
states with national identities
realism
a broad int. tradition that explains IR in terms of power
idealism
international law, morality, and international org
power
the ability to influence other’s behaviors due to certain characteristics
capability
derived from size, army, GDP (source of power)
soft power
wide acceptance of shared values to influence
geopolitics
use of geography as an element of power
anarchy
lack of central government to enforce rules
norms
shared expectations of behavior
soveriegnty
states right to do what it wants in its own territory; most important international norm
security dilemma
actions taken to protect ones security that are seen as a threat to another
balance of power
state(s)’ power being used to counter another; ratio of power b/tw states or alliances
bandwagoning
joining the largest/powerful states
great powers
most powerful states
neorealism
state behavior influences on a system structure(?)
multipolar
spread centers of power w/o alliances
power transition theory
largest wars come from change in largest power status
hegemony
one state holds most power/dominates int. system
alliance cohesion
ease of holding an alliance
interdependence
a political/econ situation of mutual reliance
neoliberal
importance of institutions in reducing conflict; relies on long term gains
international regime
norms, rules, and procedures w expectations in an issue area
collective security
formation of broad alliance to jointly oppose aggression
democratic peace
theory that democracies rarely fight other democracies
constructivism
changing international norms and identities shape state interests
socialization
interstate interactions
economic classes
category based on $ status/ how one earns money
marxism
a branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle as major factors in IR + polisci
peasants
much bigger role than marx anticipated
feminism
the idea that gender plays a significant role in IR and all other fields
difference feminism
gender is not just a social construct; men + women have diff strengths
liberal feminism
gender equality w no relevant differences b/tw sexes
goal of difference feminism
the goal of getting more women in IR to make it more peaceful/nurturing
goal of liberal feminism
to include more women in the system because they’re talented, not inherently more/less than men
gender gap
refers to polls showing women lower than men on support for war
individual
level of analysis → focuses on actions of rulers and other people (l’etat c’est moi)
state
level of analysis → regime type/internal politics dictates a nation’s behavior
system
level of analysis → looks at the world as a whole, state of anarchy
polarity
distribution of power
Treaty of Westphalia
began the modern state system in Europe after 30 Years War
International law
rules for states (hard to get people to follow)
secularization
state and church separation
fixed borders
started in TofW, boundaries no longer fluid
European colonialism
rationale → Europe had such high competition, lead them to develop this
Thomas Hobbes
rationalist philosopher; lack of strong central government leads to chaos
managed trade
protects national economic interests (realism)
classes
key actors in IR according to Marx
haves and have nots
international political divisions according to Marx
rational model
foreign policy process; calculate costs + benefit of actions
organizational process model
foreign policy process; standard set of procedures
government bargaining
foreign policy process ← deals with different goals for different govs
selective/misperceptions
mistaken processing of available information about a decision; diverges from rational
info screens
subconscious filters of info in the mind
cognitive bias
limits of the human brain in decision making
optimising
picking the best option after identifying every possible solution to a problem
satisfying
opposed to optimizing; finding a solution to a problem
prospect theory
options assessed by way of reference point (editing then evaluating against ref point)
groupthink
groups validate wrong decisions overconfidently
diplomats
government officials serving in other countries communicating with other governments
interest groups
coalitions w/ common interest in political issues (ie businesses, labor unions, ethnic groups, certain causes)
lobbying
attempt to influence legislators/political actors on issue
Military industrial complex
interconnected network of gov agencies, corps, and institutions to supply military forces with vested interest in warfare
rally ‘round the flag syndrome
public support for leaders during wartime in short term
diversionary foreign policy
distracts from domestic issues by focusing abroad
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