Musculoskeletal/ Ethics w8 not done

You can not give out any info about a pt , always say "You need to ask them yourselve"

In which direction do to check crepitous, tenderness, and temperature?

A. Distal to proximal

B. Proximal to distal

B. Proximal to distal

Should ROM actives cause pain?

what the difference between AROM (active) and PROM (passive)?

No

AROM → Pt does it
PROM → Nurse does it

Define Osteoporosis and Osteomyelitis

Loss of bone mass resulting in decreased ability to maintain structural integrity of the skeleton. Kyphosis is most likely present

Infection of the bone (can be done by any wound, most likey a fracture tho)

What does Biphosphonates and Calcitonin treat? what are the adverse effects of Biphosphonates?

• Biphosphonates

  – Osteoporosis by Inhibiting bone resorption

  – Common types: Fosamax, Boniva, Actonel

  – Side effect: Esophageal ulcers

• Calcitonin

  – Osteoporosis by Inhibiting bone resorption

  – Common: Miacalcin, Frotical (IM, SQ, Intranasal)

  – Care of IM, SQ, Nasal

Osteomalacia

• Define

• Cause

• Treatment

• Softening of bone tissue due to inadequate

  mineralization of osteoid, Calcification does not occur

• Causes: Vit D deficiency (lack of sunlight exposure,

  dietary intake, malabsorption in small bowel-

  Crohn’s)

• Major treatment: vitamin D

What is the difference between strains and sprains? How are they classified?

Strains → Excessive stretching of a muscle or tendon

Sprains → Excessive stretching of a ligament

• First degree

  • stretch

  • Tx. (R.I.C.E) Rest, Ice for 24 to 48 hr, Compression

    bandage, and Elevation

• Second degree

  • tears in the muscle/tendon/ligament

  • Tx. immobilization, partial weight bearing as tear heals

• Third degree

  • Major tears + complete disruption of muscle/tendon/ligament

  • Tx. longer immobilization, possible surgery

Heberden's and Bouchard’s nodes are clincal manifestations of… and where do they usually appear?

Osteoarthritis and hands

Rheumatoid Arthritis is… and causes ….

• Chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease primarily affecting the joints

• Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors) attack healthy tissue

Boutonniere thumb, ulnar deviation of metacarpophalangeal, subQ nodules, and swan-neck are signs of….

Rheumatoid Arthritis

What is plasmapheresis? What does it treat and does it work?

• Its a process of removing the Rh/Ra factor out of the blood

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• sometimes

What are the 5 major difference between Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Osteoarthritis

  • Assymetric

  • Pain with movement

  • Hypertrophy (but not warm or red)

  • Effects mainly weight bearing joints (progressive with age)

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Symmetric

  • Pain when touched

  • Warm, reddened

  • SubQ nodules

  • Starts in UEs

What the major difference between laws and ethics?

Laws are how you should legally behave, while ethics are moral vaules that may or may not have consequences

Example of An illegal and unethical act.

Example of an unethical and not necessarily illegal act

stealing and cheating

define

Beneficence

Nonmaleficence

Veracity

torts

Doing care in best intrest for PT

avoidng interntional/non interntional harm to PT

honesty

Wrong committed against another

What is the difference between libale defamation and slander?

Libale → speak neagtively with writing

slander → speak neagtively verbally

Who will explain and get the pt to sign the informed consent form?

Doctor (individal performing treatment), but you can adovcate if pt has questions

Do nurse have to Report suspected abuse to immediately, even if any action is not taken ot it wasnt true?

T/F

T

Define

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law (E.M.T.A.L.A.)

Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Law (E.M.T.A.L.A.)

• Protects Pt regruadless if they can pay, Hostpitals will stabilize then transfer

Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act

• Improve Safety and Quality for pt

Americans with Disabilities Act

• Removes non disable friendly barriers that hinders care (getting a deaf interper for a deaf pt )

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

• Nurses have to report suspected/verifed child abuse and protects the nurse from any backlash

What is a incident report and what are some common situation they are used in

• Report on any unexpected or unplanned occurrence that affects or potentially affects patient, family, staff

• Common situations

  • Medication errors

  • Complications from treatment/procedure

  • Failure to report change in condition

  • Falls

  • Break in aseptic technique

  • Patient refuses treatment, or refuses to sign

  • Side rails aren’t working

what are the 2 Types of Advance Directives?

Living Will → The pt decides

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care → another person decides

Can a Pt switch from a DNR to a full code at anytime? when should CPR be intitated?

Yes

initiate CPR when a patient has no pulse or respirations