Chapter 1 – Introduction to Digital Radiography and PACS: Key Vocabulary

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering early computer history, fundamental computer concepts, and key terms in digital radiography and PACS.

Charles Babbage

Designed the first analytical engine for general calculations, mechanical computer

Punch Cards

Herman Hollerith in 1890 designed a tabulating machine Using

Colossus

In December 1943, the British build a blank computer to break German military codes

William Shockley

created the first transistor

Vacuum tubes, individual transistor, integrated circuits, large scale integration

Four generations of computers developed

Vacuum tubes

First GEN of computer developed

Individual transistors

Second GEN Of computers developed

integrated circuits

Third GEN of computer developed

Large scale integration

Computers from 1975 to the present

Brightness, contrast. resolution, spatial resolution, distortion, E.I., noise

What are the six quality factors of a digital image?

Analog Computer

System that processes continuously varying data rather than binary digital values.

Digital Computer

System that processes data using discrete binary values (1 = on, 0 = off).

Binary code

Computer language that is 1s and 0s Is

Bit

Each binary digit is called a

Byte

Group of 8 bits; basic unit for measuring computer storage.

Kilobyte (KB)

Roughly 1,024 bytes.

Megabyte (MB)

Approximately 1 million bytes.

Gigabyte (GB)

Approximately 1 billion bytes.

Terabyte (TB)

1 thousand billion bytes

FORTRAN

Was the first computer language?

COBOL

1959 for business mini- and mainframe computers.

ALGOL

Use for high-level mathematics

BASIC

Mostly use for mini computer applications in science and business

C

High level assembly and probability language

Pascal

1971 general-purpose, high-level language designed for teaching structured programming.

Software And hardware

What are the two principal parts of a computer?

Application Program

Software written to perform a specific task (e.g., Word, Excel, iTunes).

Bootstrap

A program that starts first when the computer is first turned on

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

‘Brain’ of the computer

Microprocessor

Use to manipulate data and follow software instructions

Bus

Electrical conductor that connects all the other parts

Input device output, device storage device

List the three categories of computer hardware

Digital Imaging

Any image acquisition process producing an electronic image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer.

Godfrey hounsfield

Develop the first CT scanner, bringing imaging devices and computers together

Fluoroscopy

analog-to-digital converters Allows real-time images to be viewed on high resolution TV monitors

Teleradiology

moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations

Photostimulable Phosphor (PSP)

Previously known as computed radiography first introduced in the US by Fuji medical systems

Flat-Panel Detector (FPD)

hardwired to computer two types, indirect capture and direct capture use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a tft or CCD to form the image

an direct does not have light and indirect Has a scintillator

What’s the difference between indirect versus direct capture in DR?

Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS)

Networked group of computers and storage used to manage, store, and distribute digital images in DICOM format.

PACS is a system That stores and manage images and DICOM the format Medical images

What’s the difference between DICOM versus PACS